安徽蚌埠“06.01”暴雨预报因子程序式预报

利用常规气象观测资料和简明暴雨预报因子程序,对2014年6月1日出现在安徽蚌埠市的暴雨过程进行诊断分析,中低层切变线、暖湿气流强烈辐合、充足的不稳定能量释放是形成暴雨元素,并用暴雨预报程序进行预报。     

稻草秸秆在环境污染治理中的应用研究

稻草秸秆由于其结构的特殊性及廉价易得的特点,被越来越多的研究者利用,用于开发新型高效的吸附剂。综述了稻草秸秆作为吸附剂在环境污染治理中的应用,介绍了对稻草秸秆常用的改性方式,阐述了稻草秸秆吸附剂在重金属离子、有机物等去除方面的研究进展,并展望了稻草秸秆作为环境污染治理吸附剂的发展方向。     

唐山市丰南区沙河口土壤环境质量评价

为了研究唐山市丰南区沙河口土壤环境质量现状,2013年5月开展野外调查和取样分析的工作。采集了土壤和沉积物样37个,主要测试指标包括挥发酚类、氰化物、铬、镍、铜、锌、镉、铅、砷、汞。通过对样品测试数据的分析,发现沙河入海口的大部分土壤质质量为清洁或尚清洁。此外,通过对土壤中各测试指标进行相关性分析,可知重金属铬、镍、铜、锌、镉、铅、砷呈0.01水平显著相关,说明研究区的土壤和沉积物的来源相同。该研究将为进一步开展沙河入海口的生态地质研究工作提供基础参考。     

杨凌城市污泥重金属环境风险评价及合理施用量研究

为科学确定污泥施用量和评价污泥中重金属的环境风险,根据重金属不同形态的环境效应引入毒性响应系数确定了污泥的合理施用量,并采用单项污染指数、内梅罗综合指数和地积累指数对污泥中重金属的污染程度进行了评价.初步确定杨凌城市污泥合理施用量为4.04 t/（hm2·a）,Cd是限制该地区污泥施用的最主要因素,该方法突出了重金属形态的重要性,弥补了以往对重金属只进行总量控制的不足.     

青海省贵南地区一次罕见暴雨天气过程分析

对发生在2012年8月11日18~23时贵南地区的暴雨天气,从环流形势、影响天气系统、物理量场反应等方面进行了分析,结果表明:副高东退和冷空气倒灌是造成大降水的内在机制,同时副高边缘西南暖湿气流发展为大降水提供了充足水汽、能量和动力条件,并在综合分析的基础上,得出其形成原因。     

一种土壤重金属污染源位置的分析方法

对某城市表层土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等8种重金属元素的含量进行了采样分析,采用域法识别特异值进行数据处理。采用坐标平移法,修正高斯扩散方程,利用MATLAB软件进行拟合,得到了这8种重金属污染源的空间位置坐标。     

Seawater causes rapid trace metal mobilisation in coastal lowland acid sulfate soils: Implications of sea level rise for water quality

Coastal floodplains are highly vulnerable to inundation with saline water and the likelihood of inundation will increase with sea level rise. Sediment samples from floodplains containing coastal lowland acid sulfate soils (CLASS) in eastern Australia were subjected to increasing seawater concentration to examine the probable effects of sea level rise on acidity and metal desorption. Ten soils were mixed with synthetic seawater concentrations varying from 0% to 100% at a solid:solution ratio of 1:10 for 4 h. There was a slight decrease in pH (≈ 0.5 units) with increasing seawater concentration following treatment, yet, calculated acidity increased significantly. In most soil treatments, Al was the dominant component of the calculated acidity pool. Al dominated the exchange complex in the CLASS and, correspondingly, was the major metal ion desorbed. In general, concentrations of soluble and exchangeable Al, Fe²⁺, Ni, Mn and Zn in all soil extracts increased with increasing salinity. Increasing trace metal concentrations with increasing seawater concentration is attributed to the combined effects of exchange processes and acidity. The increasing ionic strength of the seawater treatments displaces trace metals and protons adsorbed on sediments, causing an initial decrease in pH. Hydrolysis of desorbed acidic metal cations can further contribute to acidity and increase mobilisation of trace metals. These findings imply that saline inundation of CLASS environments, even by relatively brackish water may cause rapid, shorter-term water quality changes and a pulse release of acidity due to desorption of acidic metal cations.     

Stimulated activity of the soil nitrifying community accelerates community adaptation to Zn stress

Field data have shown that soil nitrifying communities gradually adapt to zinc (Zn) after a single contamination event with reported adaptation times exceeding 1 year. It was hypothesized that this relatively slow adaptation relates to the restricted microbial diversity and low growth rate of the soil nitrifying community. This hypothesis was tested experimentally by recording adaptation rates under varying nitrification activities (assumed to affect growth rates) and by monitoring shifts in community composition. Soils were spiked at various Zn concentrations (0-4000 mg Zn kg⁻¹) and two NH₄⁺-N doses (N1, N2) were applied to stimulate growth. A control series receiving no extra NH₄⁺-N was also included. Soils were incubated in pots under field conditions with free drainage. The pore water Zn concentration at which nitrification was halved (EC50, mg Zn l⁻¹) did not change significantly during 12 months in the control series (without NH₄⁺-N applications), although nitrification recovered after 12 months at the highest Zn dose only. The EC50 after 12 months incubation increased by more than a factor 10 with increasing NH₄⁺-N dose (p < 0.05) illustrating that increased activity accelerates adaptation to Zn. Zinc tolerance tests confirmed the role of Zn exposure, time and NH₄⁺-N dose on adaptation. Zinc tolerance development was ascribed to the AOB community since the AOB/AOA ratio (AOB = ammonia oxidizing bacteria; AOA = ammonia oxidizing archaea) increased from 0.4 in the control to 1.4 in the most tolerant community. Moreover, the AOB amoA DGGE profile changed during Zn adaptation whereas the AOA amoA DGGE profile remained unaffected. These data confirm the slow but pronounced adaptation of nitrifiers to Zn contamination. We showed that adaptation to Zn was accelerated at higher activity and was associated with a shift in soil AOB community that gradually dominated the nitrifying community.     

河北黄骅沿海海洋生物体中重金属残留量及评价

主要研究了河北省黄骅沿海海洋生物体内铅、匐和铬等重金属含量。分析结果表明，贝类体内含量高于钎类及早壳类，但其含量均低于评价标准，铅具有较明显季节变化。单因子评价结果，美质量分的指数均小于１，表明该海域海洋生物受重金属污染水明显。     

基于傅里叶变换的重金属扩散模型对污染源位置的研究

通过对样本数据的分析,采取三维傅里叶方式变换,并根据实际情况设定扩散过程中主要的变化参数,建立重金属扩散模型,采用计算机连续模拟重金属污染的扩散过程,最终确定重金属污染源的位置。该模型精度高,实用性强。该方法对城市可持续发展有一定指导意义。