脱落酸在植物抗性生理中的作用

脱落酸是植物五大激素之一,存在于全部维管植物中,在植物的各种抗逆性中起着至关重要的作用。该研究介绍了ABA在植物低温、高温、干旱、盐渍、水涝等逆境胁迫响应中的作用。     

竹类植物种质资源圃抗寒性竹种的选择

通过对江苏省林业科学研究院收集引种的竹类植物22属108个竹种(含变种或变型)生长情况和冻害程度调查,将该院竹类植物种质资源圃的竹种抗寒性划分成5个等级,提出了一批值得发展推广的抗寒性强和比较强的观赏、经济竹种;同时,对抗寒性一般及抗寒性弱和极弱的竹种的引种与栽培提出了较好的建议。     

硅与植物抗逆性研究进展

硅是地壳中含量最丰富的元素之一,同时也是对植物生长发育具有有益作用的元素。硅能使植物细胞壁加厚,提高体内几丁质酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性,增强植物对病虫害如稻瘟病、叶斑病、茎腐病、白叶枯病、小麦白粉病、锈病、麦蝇、棉铃虫、果蔬红粉病等的抵抗能力;硅通过维持植物细胞内部离子平衡、稳定细胞和细胞器的正常结构来防止盐害;硅通过促进植物生长、局部化和钝化重金属离子,缓解重金属对植物的毒害;硅还通过提高植物叶片表面紫外吸收物质含量,形成屏障来阻止紫外线对植物内部结构的伤害;此外硅还能够调节气孔开闭,降低蒸腾作用,     

Phenotypic Differences Between Natural and Selected Populations of Picea Abies. I. Frost Hardiness

The frost hardiness of non-juvenile Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] populations growing in northern Sweden (63°54' N) was monitored during 1996-1997. The investigated progenies originated from 12 natural populations and six seed orchards located between 58° N and 68° N in Sweden. Frost hardiness of needles was assessed by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence and electrolyte leakage after freezing. The loss of frost hardiness in 1-yr-old needles during spring occurred slightly earlier in populations originating north of 63°30' N than in those originating further south. Dehardening was slightly delayed in selected populations compared with natural populations of similar origin. The level of frost hardiness during autumn was higher in populations originating north of 63°30' N than in those originating south of this latitude, but there were no clear differences in frost hardiness between selected and natural populations of similar origin. The results are discussed in relation to climatic factors and inherent growth rhythms.     

几种蓝莓防寒方法的比较

以高丛蓝莓‘蓝金’为试材,研究不同防寒方法对蓝莓生长微环境和越冬性的影响。结果表明,套袋防寒对袋内日最低温度、日平均温度、日最高温度影响不大,但对空气相对湿度、一年生枝条长度和花芽枯死率影响较大。因此可以确定大连地区蓝莓越冬伤害是由枝条过度失水所引起。采用双层膜套袋(内层膜为黑色塑料膜,外层膜为镀铝反光膜0.012 mm)及单层膜(镀铝反光膜附在玻璃丝布上)套袋防寒效果最好。     

杏花及幼果人工模拟冻害及生理研究

以实生大黄杏、沙金红杏、澄城１号为试材,观察花蕾、盛开花、幼果经低温处理后的褐变及花粉活力变化,测定各品种花期的电导率、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）变化。结果表明,澄城１号的抗寒性小于其它２个品种;不同时期的抗寒性为：蕾期〉盛开花期〉幼果期;花不同组成部分的抗寒性为：花瓣〉雄蕊〉雌蕊,新鲜花粉的活力随着低温的加剧而逐渐失去活性。     

杏品种花器官耐寒性研究

以杏２５个品种的花朵为材料,在低温下,通过测定花蕾和盛开花的电解质渗出率,配以Ｌogistic方程,结合组织褐变观察,确定的杏花蕾和盛开花的ＬＴ50（半致死温度）与实际 观察结果基本一致,杏花蕾抗低温温度为－７～１１℃,盛开花朵抗低温温度为－３～－６℃。丙二醛含量和乙烯释放量与其抗寒性有关。     

Vegetative Growth and Freezing Tolerance of White Clover ( Trifolium repens L.) Genotypes from Svalbard

Vegetative growth and freezing tolerance of two genotypes of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) collected at Svalbard (latitude 78°;39' N, longitude 16°;23' E) were studied in a daylight phytotron at controlled temperature and humidity. For comparison, two genotypes of a new Norwegian cultivar, Norstar, and one genotype of the cultivar AberHerald were included in the experiments. The genotypes from Svalbard gave higher dry-matter yields than the genotypes of Norstar, and one of them also exceeded the AberHerald genotype in dry-matter production at the temperatures studied, constant 12°;C and alternating 15 9°;C and 12 6°;C (12 12 h). The genotypes from Svalbard were more tolerant of freezing than all the other genotypes. After a successive hardening treatment at 6°;C and 0.5°;C they obtained LT 50 values (temperature for 50% survival) of -16°;C. The origin of these genotypes is not known, but their high productivity and freezing tolerance may make them useful for further breeding of white clover for marginal conditions.     

三唑酮对提高植物抗逆性的作用

三唑酮即是在农业生产中广泛使用的杀菌剂,又是一种植物生长调节剂。当植物受到逆境胁迫时,一定浓度范围的三唑酮能延缓叶绿素含量和相对含水量的下降、抑制丙二醛(MDA)含量和膜相对透性的增加、提高逆某些抗氧化剂含量和有关抗氧化酶活性,从而提高植物的抗胁迫能力。根据有关资料综述了三唑酮对提高植物抗逆性方面的作用。     

三唑酮对提高植物抗逆性的作用

三唑酮即是在农业生产中广泛使用的杀菌剂,又是一种植物生长调节剂。当植物受到逆境胁迫时,一定浓度范围的三唑酮能延缓叶绿素含量和相对含水量的下降、抑制丙二醛(MDA)含量和膜相对透性的增加、提高逆某些抗氧化剂含量和有关抗氧化酶活性,从而提高植物的抗胁迫能力。根据有关资料综述了三唑酮对提高植物抗逆性方面的作用。