油莎豆粕的营养价值及其替代部分玉米对生长猪的饲喂效果研究

本研究旨在评价油莎豆粕对生长猪的营养价值,并探究不同水平油莎豆粕替代玉米对生长猪的饲喂效果.试验1评价油莎豆粕在猪上的营养价值,选取12头体重(51.12±3.41)kg的杜×大三元杂交健康去势公猪,随机分为2个日粮处理(玉米-豆粕基础日粮和油莎豆粕试验日粮),每个处理6个重复,每个重复1头猪.试验2采用完全随机区组设...     

铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及肠道菌群的影响

目的:本试验旨在研究铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及粪样菌群的影响.方法:选取同一批次的25日龄健康的外三元断乳仔猪120头,平均体重为9.60+0.65 kg/头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,公母各半;试验组分别为铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ、抗生素组及对照组,铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ在基础日粮中分...     

自由放养下绵羊的营养参数

根据绵羊的营养参数和饲养标准,结合日增重水平,计算了不同日增重水平对应的体重月平均动态及其所对应的粗蛋白日需要量和代谢能日需要量。不同日增重水平,达到生长期望所需要的日数不同,日增重水平越高,达到生长期望总所需要的粗蛋白和代谢能越少,但月平均的日需要量越多。自由放养的东北细毛羊当年生羔羊的日增重水平仅相当于舍饲饲养日增重的100g水平,根据代谢能计算,年总需干草340kg,可以作为计算载畜量的基本参数。自由放养情况下,即使能量满足需要,粗蛋白也短缺。当年生羔羊日增重在150￣200g,9￣10月龄内体重达到46￣50kg是北方草地家畜生产的理想目标,通过补饲可以实现。     

抗生素对桑树外植体生长与分化的影响

试验比较了不同种类抗生素在不同浓度下对桑子叶、不定芽和新梢生长与分化的影响，结果显示：（１）培养基中卡那霉素浓度高于２０ｍｇ／Ｌ时．桑子叶不能形成不定芽；羧苄青霉素或头孢霉累大于４００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，子叶不定芽诱导率明显下降。（２）卡那霉素大于３０ｍｇ／Ｌ，羧苄青霉素或头孢霉累大于４００ｍｇ／Ｌ，不定芽抽茎受到明显抑制。（３）卡那霉素大于１０ｍｇ／Ｌ，羧苄青霉素或头孢霉素大于１００ｍｇ／Ｌ，桑树新梢难以形成根系。     

徐淮山羊及波徐杂交一代体重体尺的相关性研究

本研究对3月龄的江苏沿海地区本地徐淮山羊以及波徐杂交一代山羊两种山羊分别饲养90d,对试验羊的体重和各体尺指标进行相关分析和通径分析,以揭示波尔山羊的杂交改良效果、主要改良性状及其内在联系.结果表明:波徐杂交一代山羊与本地徐淮山羊在体尺体重方面有显著的差异(P＜0.05);对于徐淮山羊,波徐杂交一代在体尺与体重的相关性上具有一定的改善,将原来徐淮山羊中对体重具有负相关作用的体长性状转变为正相关作用,有利于波徐杂山羊的生长发育,充分说明波尔山羊对改良本地山羊的生产性能具有很好的效果.     

徐淮山羊及波徐杂交一代体重体尺的相关性研究

本研究对3月龄的江苏沿海地区本地徐淮山羊以及波徐杂交一代山羊两种山羊分别饲养90d,对试验羊的体重和各体尺指标进行相关分析和通径分析,以揭示波尔山羊的杂交改良效果、主要改良性状及其内在联系。结果表明:波徐杂交一代山羊与本地徐淮山羊在体尺体重方面有显著的差异(P<0.05);对于徐淮山羊,波徐杂交一代在体尺与体重的相关性上具有一定的改善,将原来徐淮山羊中对体重具有负相关作用的体长性状转变为正相关作用,有利于波徐杂山羊的生长发育,充分说明波尔山羊对改良本地山羊的生产性能具有很好的效果。     

Bee pollen and propolis as dietary supplements for rabbit: Effect on reproductive performance of does and on immunological response of does and their offspring

To evaluate the effect of bee pollen (BP) and/or propolis (Pro) supplementation on rabbit does, 64 nulliparous NZW rabbits does were distributed among eight groups (eight animals/group). One unsupplemented group was the control; the other seven groups were supplemented, respectively, with zinc bacitracin (ZnB) at 100 mg, BP at 150 and 300 mg, Pro at 150 and 300 mg, BP+Pro at 150 and 300 mg of each three times/week, day after day continuously along eight parities. The BP300, Pro300 and BP+Pro150 groups had higher body weight of litter at birth and number of kids born alive. The BP supplementation at 150 mg increased plasma total protein and albumin than the control group. The BP or Pro at 150 mg decreased plasma T₃ than the other groups except for BP+Pro150. The ZnB group had significantly greater T₃/T₄ ratio compared to BP, Pro and BP+Pro at 150 mg. The BP+Pro150 group had less ALT than the control; BP300 and Pro 300 mg resulted in lower plasma AST than the groups Pro150 with or without BP and the control group. The plasma alkaline phosphatase of BP at 150 or 300 mg and BP+Pro150 was significantly greater than that of the Pro150 group. The BP+Pro300 group had higher WBCs than the other groups. In contrast, the lymphocytes were greater in the Pro and BP+Pro300 groups than in BP, Pro and BP+Pro at 150 mg. The groups supplemented with BP and BP+Pro at 150 and 300 mg had significantly greater SRBCs of doe rabbits and their offspring compared to the control and the ZnB group. The BP at 300 mg increased the serum albumin and α₁‐globulin than the control group. The Pro300 group had greater serum α₂‐globulin and β‐globulin than the control group. The total globulin was significantly greater for the 300 mg propolis‐supplemented groups than the control.     

2018年全球口蹄疫流行状况分析

据世界动物卫生组织(OIE)和世界口蹄疫参考实验室(WRLFMD)样品检测报告,2018年全球共有50多个国家或地区报告发生口蹄疫疫情或检测到口蹄疫病毒。在亚洲、非洲,口蹄疫继续呈地方性或暴发流行,在欧洲(如俄罗斯和土耳其)及南美洲(哥伦比亚)的部分国家呈散发性流行。本文介绍了2018年全球口蹄疫发生情况,分析总结了全球口蹄疫流行特点,简述了全球防控进展,同时结合我国口蹄疫流行情况,对我国口蹄疫防控提出了相关建议。     

Effect of a transitory controlled nursing on days 9–11 or a 24-h fast on the production of free-nursing rabbits

Altered nursing or nutrition before artificial insemination (AI) can be used as a doe biostimulant to improve lactating rabbits reproduction. The timing of a shift from free to a 3-day controlled nursing to AI or the nursing method at fast-refeeding can affect the efficacy of these stimulations. In an earlier study the effects of a 3-day controlled nursing on days 8, 9 and 10 or in controlled nursing rabbits, the impact of a 24-h fast with 48–50 h re-feeding were investigated. This follow-up work tested a 3-day biostimulation with controlled nursing on days 9, 10 and 11. Another aim was to assess the same doe fast-refeeding but now in free-nursing rabbits. Pannon White does (n=480) were artificially inseminated 11 days post-partum. Control (C) does nursed freely. Rabbits simulating local farm practice (F) had controlled nursing until day 14 using a metal-plate as separation and then free nursing to weaning (day 35). In biostimulations with altered nursing, there was a shift from free to a 3-day controlled nursing (days 9–11) with a wire-mesh separation (BW), a metal-plate insertion (BM) or nest-tray removal (BN) and return to free nursing on day 12 until weaning. The C, F, BW, BM and BN does were fed ad libitum. At biostimulation with fast-refeeding (BF), the free-nursing does were subjected to a 24 h water-only fast between days 8 and 9 and a 48–50 h ad libitum re-feeding before AI. Doe reproduction and growth of the current litter were differently affected by the treatments. In the C, F, BW, BM, BN and BF does, sexual receptivity was 83, 90, 68, 80, 74 and 85% (P=0.05), the kindling rate was 79, 76, 74, 89, 68, 70% (P=0.05), the number of kits born alive was 7.9, 8.0, 8.8, 9.1, 7.9, 6.8 (P=0.005), kit weight at weaning 982, 991, 953, 986, 955, 964 g (P=0.012) and at 70 days of age 2383, 2407, 2220, 2350, 2279, 2382 g, respectively (P=0.001). Among biostimulations with altered nursing, the 3-day controlled nursing with a metal-plate separation (BM) can be advised for the practice because only this method was efficient in this (days 9–11) and previous (days 8–10) studies. There appears to be an interaction between doe nursing and feeding, since the same fast led to different production of free-nursing does compared to those in a previous work that nursed controlled.     

Evaluation of estimated genetic merit for carcass weight in beef cattle: Blood metabolites, carcass measurements, carcass composition and selected non-carcass components

In Ireland, a new beef genetic index has been developed. Growth rate is expressed as expected progeny difference for carcass weight (EPD_CWT) and is estimated on an across-breed basis. Cross-breeding of dairy cows with both Aberdeen Angus and Belgian Blue beef sires is widely practised. The objective of this study was to compare blood metabolites, slaughter traits and carcass composition of progeny from Holstein–Friesian dairy cows and Aberdeen Angus (AA), Belgian Blue (BB), Friesian (FR) and Holstein (HO) sires. The AA and BB sires were selected, within breed, to be of either high (H) or low (L) estimated genetic merit for carcass weight. A total of 170 male progeny from spring-calving cows and 42 sires (10 AA, 13 BB, 7 FR and 12 HO) were artificially reared indoors and managed together until the end of their second grazing season when they were assigned to either a Light (560 kg) or Heavy (620 kg) slaughter weight. Blood metabolite concentrations were measured six times throughout life and feed intake was recorded during the first and second winter. Carcass measurements and selected non-carcass components were recorded after slaughter and the right side of each carcass was dissected into lean, fat and bone. Differences in blood metabolite concentrations amongst genetic groups were negligible although there were some effects of the prevailing level of nutrition. M. longissimus area scaled for carcass weight was 0.220, 0.221, 0.260, 0.255, 0.212 and 0.208 (SE 0.004) cm²/kg for AAH, AAL, BBH, BBL, FR and HO, respectively. Carcass measurements scaled for carcass weight were greater for L, AA, HO and the dairy strains than for H, BB, FR and the beef breeds, respectively. There was no effect of estimated genetic merit for carcass weight on carcass composition. Statistically significant interactions between genetic merit and beef breed existed for some traits with the genetic merit effect largely evident for AA only. BB and the beef breeds had more lean, less fat and more high value lean in the carcass than AA and the dairy strains, respectively. It is concluded that genetic group had little effect on blood metabolite concentrations but there were some feeding level effects. Estimated genetic merit for carcass weight affected carcass weight, m. longissimus area and carcass measurements scaled for carcass weight but the effects were confined to AA. There were large effects of beef breed and dairy strain on carcass composition.