水准仪磁致误差检定程序的VC++实现

媒介与社会性格形塑之间存在着密切的对应性关系，社会学家大卫·理斯曼在其著作《孤独的人群》中探讨了历史文化变迁中社会性格所存在的深刻复杂性，其中就已经涉及到了媒介变迁与社会性格转化之间的关系问题。本文尝试在理斯曼的研究基础上，结合新近发展出的媒介研究理论，将媒介技术特性与社会性格转化之间的关系加以主题化，使之成为一个具有相对独立性的学术问题，并试图对理斯曼提出的所谓“传统导向性格”、“他人导向性格”与“内在导向性格”等社会性格的媒介形塑原因作出解释。     

不同基础培养基对漏斗形马勃菌丝体生长的影响

[目的]研究漏斗形马勃在7种不同基础培养基上的生长情况。[方法]采用7种基础培养基进行试验,通过液体和固体培养,以菌丝体生物量及菌落直径为指标,确定漏斗形马勃的最佳基础培养基。[结果]最适合漏斗形马勃生长的基础培养基配方为玉米渣4%、蛋白胨0.3%、蔗糖2%、KH2PO41%、Mg SO40.05%。在28℃和摇床转速150 r/min条件下,液体培养5 d后的菌丝体干重为16.56 g/L。在28℃固体培养7 d,菌丝体鲜重和干重分别为16.47和2.27 g/L,菌落直径为4.49 cm。[结论]该研究为漏斗形马勃培养条件的进一步优化奠定了基础。     

不同施肥模式对‘企黑’墨兰生长影响研究

[目的]筛选盆栽墨兰适宜的施肥模式.[方法]根据墨兰体内氮、磷和钾含量的特点,结合目前生产者对墨兰进行施肥的主要模式及相关的文献资料,设计出8种施肥模式对‘企黑’墨兰进行生长的比较试验,测定26个形态和生理指标.[结果]不同施肥模式对墨兰生长的21个指标都存在显著性影响.[结论]综合各生长指标来看,对‘企黑’墨兰生长最优的施肥模式是:4、7和10月每袋各施1次N-P2O5-K2O=14-14-14的缓释肥8 g,同时在4～9月每半个月每袋淋施1次800倍液的N-P2O5-K2O=30-10-10水溶肥150 ml,在10～12月每半个月每袋淋施1次800倍液的N-P2O5-K2O=15-5-30水溶肥150 ml.     

补光对兰云杉和红皮云杉生长的影响

云杉苗期生长缓慢是生产中的主要问题,补光可促进苗木生长,缩短育苗周期,提高育苗效率.研究不同光源(阳光灯、镝灯、碘钨灯)、不同光照时间对兰云杉和红皮云杉1年生苗苗高、地径、侧枝数、根系、生物量等生长性状的影响,结果表明:光照处理可以抑制苗木休眠,促进其持续生长,对2种云杉的各生长指标均有显著的促进作用；不同光源、不同光...     

Estimation of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) leaf nitrogen content at different growth stages using canopy reflectance spectra

The estimation of crop nitrogen status in fresh vegetation leaf using field spectroscopy is challenging due to the weak responses on leaf/canopy reflectance and the overlapping with the absorption features of other compounds. Although the spectral indices were proposed in the literature to predict leaf nitrogen content (LNC), the performance of selected spectral indices to estimate the LNC is often inconsistent. Moreover, the models for nitrogen content estimation changed with the growth stage. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of published indices, ratio of data difference index (RDDI) and ratio of data index (RDI) developed by band iterative-optimization algorithm in LNC estimation. The correlation analysis, linear regression and cross validation were used to analyze the relationship between spectral data and LNC and construct the best performed estimation model. The study was conducted by the data of five growing seasons of litchi from the orchards in Guangdong Province of China. Results showed that the relationship between chlorophyll (Chl) related spectral indices and LNC varied with the growth stage. Even in flower bud morphological differentiation stage and autumn shoot maturation stage, there were not significant correlations between the proposed spectral indices and LNC. Besides it is difficult to estimate the LNC by the general model across the growth stages due to the integrated effects of cultivar, biochemical, canopy structure, etc. The band iterative-optimization algorithm can improve the sensitivity of spectral data to LNC to some extent. The optimal RDDI performed better than other indices for the synthetic dataset and the dataset in each growth stage. And the sensitive bands selected in the optimal indices at each growth stage are not consistent, which are not only related to the Chl absorption but also other biochemical components, such as starch, lignin, cellulose, protein, etc. In general, the LNC can be estimated by the optimized CR-based RDDI indices in autumn shoot maturation stage, flower spike stage, fruit maturation stage, and flowering stage with the R² > 0.50 and RMSE < 0.14. Although there were the significant relationship between RDIs and RDDIs in flower bud morphological differentiation stage, the highest R²s of the model developed by RDDIs and RDIs were less than 0.50 in cross validation. This study indicated that the applicability of canopy reflectance to estimate litchi LNC was closely related to the growth stage of litchi. Growth stage-specific models will be preferred for estimating litchi LNC estimation.     

我国中小银行成长性综合评价研究

通过构建商业银行成长性评价体系，利用突变级数法对14家中小银行2007~2010年的成长性进行评价，得出中小银行具有振荡向上的成长趋势，且股份制银行整体成长性优于城市商业银行，但对于影响成长性的各因素，银行间的表现不尽相同。这表明中小银行还需调整经营管理思路来保证成长的稳健和持续。     

有机无机生物活性肥料施用技术对蔬菜作物生长及产量的影响

田间试验结果表明:施用有机无机生物活性肥料能明显提高蔬菜作物长势,提高甘蓝抗根腐和烂心病能力。在等氮条件下,与常规对照相比产量基本持平,差异并不显著;但每666.7m2可节约成本24元左右,幅度达30,7%。椐统计分析,甘蓝最佳施肥置以100kg/666,7m2为宜,此用量可比常规对照增产9.3%,每666.7m2增加收入295元。在施用总量不变的条件下,减少有机无机生物活性肥料基肥比例,甘蓝则有碱产趋势。     

施用有机肥对当归药材性状、产量及抗病性的影响

为了探寻有机肥对当归成药栽培的影响,采用黑膜覆盖栽培,基施纯有机肥（O,2000 kg·hm^-2）、纯化肥（C,磷酸二铵,420 kg·hm^-2）、减半量化肥增施有机肥［1/2（O+C）］,以不施肥为对照（CK）,栽培期测定早期抽薹率、发病率、药材产量和性状指标。结果表明,纯有机肥栽培当归早期抽薹率为8.0%,分别较CK、1/2（O+C）和C降低19.4%、15.2%和7.1%。药材产量则相反,O、C和1/2（O+C）栽培当归药材产量相当,鲜产量分别较CK提高105.9%、84.6%和78.2%。纯有机肥栽培当归根最长,侧根最多,单根最重,药材产量最高。化肥对根的增粗作用最大,但含水量高,根病率高,发病重。不同施肥每hm²鲜药材产量与综合评价指数大小顺序一致,依次为O（9220.6 kg,0.926）>C（9038.5 kg,0.610）>1/2（O+C）（8728.4 kg,0.481）>CK（4897.4 kg,0.190）。每hm²干药材产量排序为O（3149.2 kg）>1/2（O+C）（3098.7 kg）>C（2909.2 kg）>CK（1707.0 kg）,与经济收益一致。在岷县道地产区黑膜覆盖栽培,纯施有机肥对当归药材具有显著增效作用,可有效降低早薹率、根病率和发病程度,改善药材性状,提高药材产量和质量,在当归标准化栽培中可推广应用,以改变当归依赖化肥的生产现状,促进绿色有机栽培。     

Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.     

赤霉素(GA_3)对叶用莴苣抽薹特性的影响

以叶用莴苣耐抽薹品种意大利生菜和易抽薹品种佰根绿为试验材料,采用营养钵基质栽培法,研究了外源GA_3处理对叶用莴苣抽薹特性(薹中心柱长、抽薹率)的影响。试验结果表明,GA_3可显著促进叶用莴苣抽薹,显著增加薹高及抽薹率,佰根绿的薹高、抽薹率分别是对照(不喷GA_3)的5.7倍、2.25倍,意大利生菜的薹高、抽薹率分别是对照的5.5倍、2.01倍,易抽薹品种的抽薹特性对GA_3的响应较为敏感。