阿魏蘑与杏鲍菇高产优质栽培模式研究

试验证明，阿魏蘑和杏鲍菇最佳栽培模式为菌棒半脱袋竖向畦栽半覆土栽培模式；最适环境条件为菇房温度13～20℃，空气相对湿度85％～95％；最佳栽培设施为半地下冬暖式塑料大棚。     

不同条件下夏玉米冠层反射光谱响应特性的研究

通过对两个年份不同牛育阶段的田间夏玉米活体进行冠层反射光谱测定,该文分析了不同空间尺度、种植密度、观测角度、生育阶段、叶面积指数KAI、氮素胁迫、叶片含水量以及与杂草共生等8个条件下的冠层反射光谱响应特性,并探讨其发生机理,研究结果表明,夏玉米在不同条件下的冠层反射光谱响应均呈现出一定的规律性.在近红外波段,其反射率值随氮肥施用量的增加而增大,尤以750～1350 nm波段,但在可见光波段,反射率值降低;随着观测探头的逐步升高,反射率值降低:随杂草量的增多,反射率值逐渐增大.这些结果揭示了高光谱遥感田间夏玉米理化信息获取的巨大潜力,同时,为以后遥感反演建模提供了依据.     

The effects of dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility and the relationship between apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and available energy. Sugar beet pulp was as the only fiber source. The experiment was designed as a 6 x 6 Latin square with an adaptation period of 7 d followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. Feed intake tended to decrease （P =0.] O） as total dietary fiber level increased. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy decreased （P 〈0.0]） when total dietary fiber increased but the digestibility of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber increased （P 〈0.01）. The digestible energy and metabolizable energy content of diets decreased （P 〈0.01） as the total dietary fiber increased.     

Linking geomorphic character,behaviour and condition to fluvial biodiversity: implications for river management

• 1. The River Styles^® framework is a geomorphic approach to the classification of river types, assessment of the physical condition of rivers, and planning of physical rehabilitation. However, the linkages between River Styles and aquatic biodiversity conservation are still only weakly developed.
• 2. In this study, 41 sites in the Bega River basin in New South Wales, Australia, were classified according to River Style and geomorphic condition, and surveyed for four biological assemblages: diatoms, aquatic and semi‐aquatic macrophytes, aquatic macroinvertebrates and fish.
• 3. Each assemblage differed significantly among River Styles. However, in the case of diatoms and fish, these differences could be accounted for by geographic clustering of sites in the same River Style, and a tendency for River Styles to occupy particular altitudinal zones and sizes of streams. This result was attributed to the overriding influences of water quality on diatoms and of altitude‐related variation in water temperature and distance from the ocean on fish. For macrophytes and macroinvertebrates, geomorphic river type appeared to exert a direct influence, probably via variation in physical habitat characteristics.
• 4. Geomorphic condition, judged as good, moderate or poor by reference to the inferred natural condition of each River Style, was also significantly associated with differences in biological assemblages other than fish. Twice as many taxa appeared to favour sites in good geomorphic condition as favoured sites in poor condition. Many of the taxa associated with sites in poor condition are alien taxa introduced to Australia since European settlement.
• 5. These findings imply that protection of reaches that are in good geomorphic condition is likely to be critical for the maintenance of indigenous biodiversity, and that rehabilitation of geomorphic condition can assist in the rehabilitation of native riverine biota.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生长秀节对糯玉米淀粉晶体结构和糊化特性的影响

以8个糯玉米品种为材料,利用X-射线衍射仪(X-Ray)和快速黏度分析仪(RVA)分析了淀粉在春季和秋季的晶体结构和糊化特性。结果表明,生长季节不影响淀粉的结晶类型,供试糯玉米淀粉样品的X-射线衍射图谱均表现出典型的“A”型衍射特征。然而,淀粉的晶体结构和糊化特性在生长季节间存在显著差异。和春季糯玉米淀粉相比,秋季糯玉米淀粉具有较高的结晶度、尖峰强度、峰值黏度、谷值黏度、终值黏度和崩解值。糯玉米淀粉的回复值较低,且秋季糯玉米淀粉显著低于春季糯玉米淀粉。淀粉的结晶度、尖峰强度和糊化特征值存在显著的基因型差异。相关分析表明,结晶度和各尖峰强度呈两两显著正相关。结晶度和峰值黏度、崩解值极显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.72和0.85),和谷值黏度、糊化温度显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.52和0.55),和回复值显著负相关(相关系数-0.49)。糯玉米淀粉糊化特性在不同生长季节中的变化主要由淀粉晶体结构(结晶度和尖峰强度)变化所致。     

耦合土壤墒情的气候适宜度指数在山东省冬小麦产量动态

利用山东省1981-2011年历年冬小麦生育期及产量资料、14个气象站点的逐日气象资料、1992-2011年冬小麦生长季逐旬20cm土壤墒情资料,分别构建考虑和不考虑土壤墒情的冬小麦不同生长阶段的气候适宜度指数计算模型,通过与气象产量进行相关和回归分析,建立了基于两种气候适宜度指数的3-5月逐旬产量动态预报模型,并进行历史回代检验和动态外推预报。结果表明：考虑土壤墒情的气候适宜度指数能够更客观地反映山东省冬小麦生长期间气象条件和土壤水分对其产量形成的影响,构建的气候适宜度指数与冬小麦气象产量的相关系数均通过0.01水平的显著性检验,相关性高于不考虑土壤墒情的气候适宜度指数。产量动态预报模型对1992-2009年历史回代检验的平均准确率均在95.0%以上,标准化均方根误差RMSE均小于6%。对2010-2011年外推预报准确率最高达99.4%,最低为95.4%,说明预报准确率较高,建立的产量动态预报模型可以在业务上推广应用。     

碳酸氢钾对茄子幼苗生长发育的影响

试验以茄子幼苗为试材,确定KHCO3促进茄子幼苗光合速率的最适浓度,以最适浓度研究KHCO3对茄子幼苗生长发育的影响.结果表明:KHCO3促进光合速率的最佳浓度为500 mg/L.KHCO3能提高叶绿素含量,增加叶面积,可溶性糖含量,根、茎、叶的干重,说明KH-CO3能促进光合作用,使光合产物增加.从影响因子看,HCO3对植物的生长发育起主要作用,但K+也有一定的促进作用.     

高原型牦母牛生产周期中体况评分变化监测

对240头牦母牛进行为期一年的体况评分监测,发现牦母牛体况变化与草地饲草的供给状况相一致,牦母牛体况变化基本规律为暖季表现为快速上膘,冷季呈现逐步消耗。体况评分最低的时期为5~6月份,最高在10月和11月份。体况消长变化呈现两年一周期的模式。     

塔拉的生态适应性及其在云南适生区域的划分

通过多年的引种对塔拉的生态适应性研究表明,极端低温及降水是制约塔拉生长发育的关键因素.据此将哀牢山以西、怒江、澜沧江下游海拔1450m以下16个县的128个乡镇区划为云南种植塔拉的最佳适生区;哀牢山以东、元江中下游海拔1 250m以下14个县的81个乡镇为一般适生区;公益林种植区为金沙江中游海拔1 100m以下的10个县的62个乡镇.     

切花月季红唇高枝修剪的生育期及产量

为满足切花月季不同花期需要,以自主选育月季红唇切花新品种为供试材料,采用高枝留桩修剪方法研究其生育特性和产量。结果表明:高枝修剪萌芽集中,生长一致,萌发2.3个腋芽,形成花枝2.1枝,切花品质一致,花期提前5d,产量提高11.13%。该试验获得月季红唇高枝留桩调整花期、提高切花产量和质量的方法。