武汉园博园碳汇效能综合研究

随着生态宜居城市的建设,城市绿地固碳释氧的环境改善功能逐步受到重视,植被碳汇的量化研究也逐渐成为科学评价绿地环境效益的主要内容。文章以武汉园博园为研究对象,利用RS/GIS,结合美国景观绩效平台的National Tree Benefit Calculator (国家树木效益计算器),计算出武汉园博园的林木植被在2017年的碳汇效能及相应的经济价值,探讨武汉园博园的生态功能和价值。     

Effects of agriculture,climate, and policy on NDVI change in a semi-arid river basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau

In 1999, the Grain for Green Project was implemented by the Chinese government. Since then, the vegetation of Zuli River Basin, a semi-arid river basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau, has been greatly changed. Clearly understanding the impact of natural and artificial factors on vegetation change is important for policy making and ecosystem management. In this study, spatio-temporal variations in vegetation cover in Chinese Zuli River Basin during 1999–2016 were investigated using Landsat normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. Analyses of several indicators, including changes in NDVI in different slopes and land use changes and the relationships between climatic factors and NDVI change, were presented to quantitatively evaluate the effects of agriculture, climate, and policy on NDVI change. The NDVI in the Zuli River Basin increased during the study period, and the main contributors to this change were forest in 1999–2011, cropland, abandoned farmland, and grassland in 2009–2016, and land with slopes ≤ 15°. Land with slope > 15°, where the “Project” was implemented, slightly contributed to the increase in regional NDVI. In 1999–2011, the project (?98.16%) combined with climate change (?68.18%) showed negative effects on the increase in NDVI in the Zuli River Basin, but agriculture (22.28%) played a positive role in increasing this index. In 2009–2016 and 1999–2016, the project (38.45% and 35.25%, respectively), the project combined with climate change (49.83% and 46.30%, respectively), agriculture (18.61% and 23.30%, respectively), promoted increases in NDVI in the basin.     

Review on the roles and effects of growing media on plant performance in green roofs in world climates

Growing media (substrate) is a fundamental part of a green roof, providing water, nutrients and support to plants. However, little research has reviewed how it affects plant performances in different climatic regions. This study aims to analyse published research on green roof growing medium across world’s climate zones. Findings are structured according to Köppen–Geiger climate classification, aiming to investigate the prevalence of research conducted in different climate zones. Results from full-scale studies and laboratory or greenhouse experiments were reviewed. The later were included as they provide systematic knowledge on the effect of individual factors on system performances although cannot provide climate specific information. Studies discussed effects of major substrate components and depths on plant survival and establishment using standard test procedures. Results showed that most research in the subject were in temperate (group C climate classification), continental (group D) and dry climates (group B), respectively. Considerable number of investigations was conducted in controlled laboratory or greenhouse environments. Based on the results, future green roof research and guidelines should consider climate specifications of the region in designing growing medium, depths and attribute of green roof substrates in order to ensure enhanced plant performance. Especially, for more fragile but less investigated dry climate, considerations should be made to tackle heat fluctuations and drought stress by enhancing water holding capacity and thermal isolation of the substrate. To move forward, sustainable building solutions as a part of future urban forms, climate-adaptive green roof systems should be included into future research, practice and guidelines.     

Including public-health benefits of trees in urban-forestry decision making

Research demonstrating the biophysical benefits of urban trees are often used to justify investments in urban forestry. Far less emphasis, however, is placed on the non-bio-physical benefits such as improvements in public health. Indeed, the public-health benefits of trees may be significantly larger than the biophysical benefits, and, therefore, failure to account for the public-health benefits of trees may lead to underinvestment in urban forestry. In addition, the distribution of trees that maximizes bio-physical benefits may not maximize public-health benefits.     

浒苔的危害及防治

根据2008年山东沿岸海域浒苔灾害的现实,结合已有工作,从浒苔生长特征、暴长形成“绿潮”的原因、浒苔滋生、繁衍的危害及关于浒苔灾害的防治等方面进行初步探讨、分析。     

日光温室冬油菜-早春黄瓜-秋冬番茄高效栽培技术模式

介绍了乐都日光温室冬油菜-早春黄瓜-秋冬番茄的栽培技术模式,并详述了育苗、田间管理和病虫害管理措施。     

基于SWOT分析的民族地区农产品绿色物流发展策略研究——以广东省连山壮族瑶族自治县为例

介绍了广东省连山县农产品绿色物流发展现状,运用SWOT方法分析了广东连山发展农产品绿色物流具有的竞争优势、劣势及存在的机遇与挑战,提出农产品绿色物流发展的对策:加大物流基础设施和物流装备投资,加强物流标准化工作;建立和完善电子商务信息平台,实现供应链信息共享;积极培育市场,实行农产品市场准入制度;弘扬科技文化,强化农产品绿色物流意识。     

2种审评法对山东日照绿茶滋味品质的分析比较

[目的]为不同季节山东日照茶资源的开发利用提供理论依据。[方法]测定了春、夏、秋不同季节山东日照绿茶滋味相关的主要生化组分含量,并采用滋味化学鉴定法与感官审评法2种鉴别方法对其进行了分析比较,且对生化成分含量进行差异显著性分析。[结果]2种审评方法均能对不同季节山东日照绿茶的滋味品质进行比较吻合的评定分级,春、夏、秋绿茶经化学鉴定法得分为107.1、85.5、91.0,经感官审评法得分为96.68、1.6、86.0,结果均是夏季绿茶滋味品质次于春、秋绿茶。夏季绿茶的茶多酚、咖啡碱含量及酚氨比分别是31.31%、4.56%和11.22,均高于春、秋绿茶,且存在极显著差异;游离氨基酸含量2.79%,低于春、秋绿茶的4.40%3、.49%,存在极显著差异。夏、秋季绿茶口感苦涩醇厚,滋味品质明显次于春季绿茶。[结论]该研究为科学合理地开发利用山东日照茶资源及茶产业的增值提供了理论依据。     

绿色食品花生基地建设及高产栽培技术研究

选择无工业“三废”污染、符合环境(土壤、水质、大气)质量标准的生态区域(豫南中小果产区,豫东、豫北大果产区)作为绿色食品花生生产基地。豫南中小果产区采用夏花生地膜覆盖栽培,豫东、豫北大果产区采用小垄宽幅麦套种或大垅宽幅麦套种地膜覆盖栽培,通过选用优良品种,优化配方施肥,综合防治病虫害,农业措施控制黄曲霉污染等措施,花生荚果产量可达6000~7500㎏/hm2,出口价(花生仁)比普通花生高出1200元/t,增收达2700~3600元/hm2。     

SYBR Green I 结合碳纳米管对金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测

【目的】建立一种快速、准确检测金黄色葡萄球菌tst 基因的方法,为预防和控制金黄色葡萄球菌感染提供检测手段。【方法】采用一段特异识别金黄色葡萄球菌的DNA探针来识别基因组DNA,通过识别荧光染料SYBR Green I的信号来实现检测。通过对此方法的可行性、单壁碳纳米管最适浓度、目标链最适浓度、特异性等进行验证,建立产TSST-1金黄色葡萄球菌tst 基因的检测体系。【结果】在仅加入终浓度为1.07 nmol/L目标DNA的条件下,荧光值的恢复率达91%,荧光值的增强值为4.764。最适碳纳米管浓度为30 μg/mL,最适目标DNA浓度与探针DNA浓度相等,为1.07 nmol/L。特异性检测结果表明,该检测方法可以区分具有高相似性的序列（2-或12-nt的区别）。【结论】SYBR Green I结合碳纳米管适用于环境、食品及临床检验中对携带tst 基因的金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测。