丙环唑防治橡胶树红根病田间试验

以海南橡胶树发生较严重的红根病为防治对象,采取田间大田试验的方法,用w=25％的丙环唑乳油和w=25％的丙环唑水乳剂进行防治,研究丙环唑对橡胶树红根病的防治效果和明确哪种剂型对橡胶红根病的防治更有效.结果表明,经DMRT法进行显著性测定,说明参试剂型对橡胶红根病的防治均有一定的防治效果.其中,w=25％的丙环唑乳油200倍液和400倍液对橡胶树红根病的防治效果最明显,其在第2次施药后,用w=25％的丙环唑乳油200倍液处理的病株率为15.00％,防治效果为78.57％,w=25％的丙环唑乳油400倍液病株率为15.83％,防治效果为77.83％,而w=25％的丙环唑水乳剂200倍液病株率为24.17％,防治效果为65.47％.从上述结果看,w=25％的丙环唑乳油和w=25％的丙环唑水乳剂对已感染红根病的橡胶树具有很好的防治效果,且在本试验使用浓度范围内对橡胶树安全.经示范后可在生产上推广应用,宜于发病初期,使用浓度为200 ～ 400倍液.     

不同栽培方式对灵芝活性成分的影响

通过5种不同栽培方式对灵芝活性成分影响进行研究。结果显示,多糖含量最高的为椰糠栽培,最低为太白山栽培,含量由高到低的顺序为椰糠、尖峰岭、野生、果园、太白山;蛋白含量最高的为椰糠栽培,最低的为果园栽培,含量由高到低的顺序为椰糠、尖峰岭、野生、太白山、果园;三萜含量最高的为椰糠栽培,最低的为果园栽培,含量由高到低的顺序为椰糠、太白山、野生、尖峰岭、果园。由于不同栽培方式的灵芝活性成分的含量差异极显著,这为选择获得较高的某一活性成分的栽培方式提供依据。     

星点设计-效应面优化法对女贞子多糖的提取工艺研究

研究旨在采用星点设计-效应面优化法优选女贞子多糖的最佳提取工艺条件.以浸泡时间、液料比和提取时间为考察因素,多糖提取率作为评价指标,并进行二项式拟合,描绘三维效应面,从效应面上优选较佳的实验条件.结果显示,二项式拟合复相关系数R2为0.775,女贞子多糖最佳提取工艺为加12倍量水浸泡90 min,提取110 min.该工艺为提高女贞子多糖的提取率提供了实验基础,并为进一步的工业化生产提供实验依据.     

A single dominant Ganoderma species is responsible for root rot of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus in Sumatra

Ganoderma root rot is the most serious disease affecting commercially planted Acacia mangium in plantations in Indonesia. Numerous Ganoderma spp. have been recorded from diseased trees of this species and to a lesser extent Eucalyptus, causing confusion regarding the primary cause of the disease. In this study, a large collection of Ganoderma isolates were obtained from the roots of A. mangium showing early signs of root rot in disease centres in South Sumatra plantations. Isolates were also collected from Eucalyptus roots at Lake Toba in North Sumatra showing similar symptoms as well as from sporocarps connected to these samples. Phylogenetic analyses showed that a single Ganoderma sp., identified as G. philippii, is the major causal agent of Ganoderma root rot on A. mangium. Results from this study also showed that the isolates obtained for Eucalyptus trees in North Sumatra belong to G. philippii. Isolates from roots and connected fruiting bodies together with the morphology of the fruiting structures confirmed this identification. Symptoms associated with this pathogen are obvious and it should not be confused with other diseases. Other Ganoderma spp. found in disease centres are considered to be of minor importance and management strategies for root rot should be focused on G. philippii.     

正交试验优选灵芝多糖的提取工艺

[目的]对灵芝多糖的提取工艺进行优选。[方法]将灵芝在50℃条件下干燥恒重,过40目筛,用无水乙醇对灵芝干粉进行脱脂预处理,脱脂完毕风干后在不同的料液比、温度、提取时间的条件下进行单因素试验,并在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验获得最佳提取工艺。[结果]灵芝多糖的最佳提取工艺为:料液比1∶20(W/V,g/ml,下同),提取时间为3 h,提取温度为90℃;在此条件下,灵芝多糖得率可达1.61%。[结论]该方法优选了灵芝多糖的提取工艺条件,为灵芝多糖的进一步开发利用提供了依据。     

紫芝栽培新品种武芝2号基于rDNA-ITS和ITS2的分子鉴定与分析

[目的]探讨利用rDNA-ITS及其ITS2二级结构进行紫芝栽培新品种武芝2号(原名紫芝S2)的分子鉴定.[方法]通过第一代和第三代测序技术分别获得武芝2号的ITS序列,针对灵芝属(Ganoderma spp.)相关种类的ITS序列构建系统进化树进行分子分类鉴定,采用rDNA-ITS及相关引物序列进行BLAST比对分析...     

Effects of high salinity and the exogenous application of an osmolyte on growth,photosynthesis, and mineral composition in two ornamental shrubs

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine the growth, photosynthetic activity, and mineral composition in two ornamental shrubs [Viburnum lucidum L. (arrow-wood) and Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Stapf. (red bottlebrush)] that had been treated or not treated with 2.5 mM glycine betaine (GB) or 5.0 mM proline (Pro). Plants were supplied with a non-salinised or salinised nutrient solution containing 200 mM NaCl. Salinity caused reductions in plant growth parameters, shoot biomass production, and net CO₂ assimilation in both species. Neither Pro nor GB were able to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity in bottlebrush, whereas GB reduced the deleterious effects of salt stress on arrow-wood, indicating a differential species-specific response to these osmolytes. The application of GB to salt-stressed arrow-wood increased apical and lateral shoot lengths, the number of leaves per plant, and shoot dry biomass by 222%, 113%, 238%, and 49%, respectively, compared to untreated or Pro-treated plants. The improved performance of salt-stressed arrow-wood plants whose roots were treated with 2.5 mM GB was attributed to partial suppression of Na uptake, higher chlorophyll concentrations, and the better nutritional status (higher K) of shoots.     

超临界流体萃取红芝三萜化合物

采用超临界流体设备,以ＣＯ２为萃取剂,从野生红芝子实体中萃取灵芝三萜化合物。分析了ＣＯ２密度、温度、时间及改性剂（甲醇）对红芝三萜化合物萃取的影响。     

灵芝菌丝体转化无机锗为有机锗的研究

用加入无机锗(GeO_2)的固体和液体培养基培养灵芝菌丝体,可把部分无机锗转化为有机锗。结果表明,用2N NaOH提取锗,提取率较高,从固体菌丝体培养物和液体菌丝体中提取的锗含量随加入无机钻(GeO_2)量的增加而提高。     

灵芝孢子对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制效果研究

应用3种肿瘤细胞模型对未破壁灵芝孢子、机械破壁灵芝孢子和全灵芝剥壁孢子进行抗肿瘤试验研究。结果表明,未破壁及不同破壁方式的灵芝孢子对人恶性乳腺癌细胞(MT-1)、人恶性淋巴癌细胞株(Jurkat)、人恶性脑肿瘤细胞(U343)均有不同程度的抑制作用,抑制效果强弱为全灵芝剥壁孢子机械破壁灵芝孢子未破壁灵芝孢子,表明破壁的确能提高灵芝孢子对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用,而且选择破壁的方法也很重要,生物酶法破壁能使灵芝孢子的生物活性成分得到充分释放,所以大大提高灵芝孢子的功效。