三种不同利用方式土壤上黄瓜根际微生物群落差异

蔬菜塑料大棚是一种高度集约化利用的设施农业类型,在太湖地区一般由原来的稻麦(或油菜)轮作或露地蔬菜改变而来。稻麦(或油菜)轮作或露地蔬菜改为蔬菜塑料大棚后,土壤养分高度累积,出现了次生盐渍化和酸化的现象[1-2]。可能受土壤酸化和次生盐渍化的影响,蔬菜塑料大棚土壤     

万寿菊精油杀菌素对西瓜枯萎病菌的抑菌作用及对西瓜幼苗的影响

采用田间试验和生物测定方法,研究了人工合成的万寿菊精油杀菌素对西瓜枯萎病菌和西瓜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:0.5μg/mL万寿菊精油杀菌素24、48、72、144 h的抑制率分别为100%、76.7%、59.9%、56.8%;当浓度大于1.5μg/mL时抑制率达100%;10μg/mL万寿菊精油杀菌素处理西瓜幼苗的致萎指数得到显著降低,差异达显著水平(P<0.05);20μg/mL万寿菊精油杀菌素处理的西瓜枯萎病菌,大分子量的蛋白含量增多,小分子量的蛋白含量减少,但过氧化物酶的条带数没有变化;50μg/mL万寿菊精油杀菌素处理的西瓜苗叶片中3d后MDA含量减少差异显著(P<0.05),4d后过氧化物酶活性逐渐升高差异达显著水平(P<0.05),5d后差异极显著(P<0.01)。含药培养基上生长的西瓜枯萎病菌的果胶酶活性降低,呼吸强度明显提高,细胞膜通透性增大,几丁质酶活性稍高于对照。此杀菌素可用以预防和控制西瓜枯萎病,为西瓜枯萎病的综合防治提供一种新的方法和途径。     

香蕉组织内的镰刀菌种及其致病性研究

本文报导潜伏于香蕉(Musa sapientum L.)、芭蕉(Musa paradisiaca)和粉蕉(Musa cavendishii L.)组织内的镰刀菌种和变种,鉴定结果共有7个种和2个变种。其中香蕉、芭蕉幼果内,腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)各占总带菌果数的17.8％、26.8％,尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)各占1.8％、12.5％,三隔镰刀菌(Fusarium trieinctum)各占3.6％、14.3％,串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme)各占8.8％、3.6％;粉蕉果实内的串珠镰刀菌占1.8％;香蕉幼果内的大型半裸镰刀菌(Fusarium semitectum var.majus)、串珠镰孢微胶变种(Fusarium moniliforme vat.subglutinans)均占1.8％。果穗轴,香蕉假茎内的有Fusarium Subglutinans;粉蕉假茎内的有Fusarium anthophilum和腐皮镰刀菌;芭蕉暴露空间的有腐皮镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌。通过对香蕉、芭蕉和粉蕉幼果的接种试验和分离结果,对香蕉和芭蕉幼果侵染力较强的有尖孢镰刀菌、半裸镰刀菌(Fusarium semitectum)、腐皮镰刀菌、串珠镰刀菌、串珠镰孢微胶变种、Fusarium subglutinans、Fusarium anthophilum和大型半裸镰刀菌,三隔镰刀菌较弱;对粉蕉幼果侵染力较强的有尖孢镰刀菌和串珠镰刀菌,其它均较弱或不受侵染。     

苯丙氨酸解氨酶与苜蓿种质根和根颈腐烂病抗病性研究

通过对10个苜蓿品种人工接种和不接种尖孢镰刀菌的处理，研究了各品种幼苗根部和叶部的苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性，并探讨了酶活性与品种对根和根颈腐烂病抗性之间的关系。结果表明，不论接菌与否，苜蓿品种间幼苗根和叶中的苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性均存在着显著差异。同时，幼苗叶部不接菌时，苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性与品种对根和根颈腐烂病的抗性达到显著正相关。而经过接菌处理的幼苗根中，或接菌处理后幼苗叶片中苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性虽与种质抗病性有一定的相关性，但没有达到显著水平。结果表明苜蓿幼苗叶片中苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性可以作为种质对该病抗病性的评价指标.     

Selection of cell-lines and regeneration of plants resistant to fusaric acid from Gladiolus × grandiflorus cv. ‘Peter Pears’

Cell suspension cultures of ‘Peter Pears’, a cultivar of Gladiolus x grandiflorus (Hort.), susceptible to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (Mass.), have been challenged with fusaric acid, one of the toxins produced by this pathogen. Selected cell-lines showed increased tolerance to the toxin and grew even on concentrations of fusaric acid up to 0.5 mm. When inoculated with a conidial suspension, the mycelial growth on selected cell-lines was limited compared to the control. Fusaric acid greatly reduced plant regeneration, and only two plants were obtained from the callus subcultured for a prolonged time on medium with fusaric acid. These plants have a significantly altered DNA content compared to the control. A reduced callus phase on toxin-containing medium, resulted in an improved regeneration and the DNA content of the regenerated plantlets was similar to the control. Some plants regenerated from these fusaric acid-insensitive cell-lines showed an increased tolerance to the toxin when cultured in vitro in presence of fusaric acid. The selected plants will be further tested for Fusarium-resistance once maturity is reached. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

辣椒种质资源苗期枯萎病抗性研究

本试验用浸根接种法对30份不同类型的辣椒种质资源进行了枯萎病苗期人工接种鉴定,并在此基础上探讨了抗枯萎病的某些生物化学和细胞学机制。结果表明,辣椒子叶中易溶性蛋白质含量及幼苗根系中辣椒素含量均与抗病性成正相关。通过扫描电镜观察4个不同抗病性水平的辣椒材料幼苗主根的横剖面结构,发现导管腔的大小、细胞排列、细胞壁的厚度以及导管周围纤维细胞的发达程度等与抗病性密切相关。     

Novel primers developed from mitochondrial intergenic spacers are useful for multi-locus sequence typing of Fusarium oxysporum strains

The Fusarium oxysporum species complex causes serious vascular diseases of a wide range of crops. In an effort to locate new highly variable regions for multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of Fusarium oxysporum populations, mitochondrial intergenic regions were targeted. Five regions were amplified and sequenced from five randomly selected isolates. For these isolates, all regions contained at least as many variable sites as the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA small subunit region commonly used in MLST. Most regions contained short indels; however, 80–120 base indels were present in the nad5-arg2 intergenic region. Only the nad5-arg2 region was found to be more variable than the single copy nuclear translation elongation factor (1α) gene introns. The nad5-arg2 region is likely to be a useful inclusion in MLST of Fusarium oxysporum populations.     

茄病镰刀菌敏感株系对多菌灵抗药性风险及敏感性影响因素的研究

研究了茄病镰刀菌敏感性株系对多菌灵的抗药性风险和菌株的敏感性影响因素。结果表明,茄病镰刀菌敏感株系极易对多菌灵产生抗药性,经亚致死剂量培养7代后抗药性可提高149.26倍;温度,酸碱度,不同含量的氮、磷、钾营养元素会影响茄病镰刀菌对多菌灵的敏感性。     

植物病原镰刀菌属突变技术及相关基因研究进展

综述近年来镰刀菌诱变技术及相关基因克隆的研究进展,列举代表性应用实例,并就镰刀菌分子生物学研究的重要性及分子生物学技术在镰刀菌研究中的广阔前景进行展望。     

Pathogenicity ofFusarium oxysporum f.sp.tuberosi isolates from tubers and potato plants

Summary A study was carried out on eightF. oxysporum f.sp.tuberosi isolates from northern Italy. Six were from rotten tubers and two were from weak, but not wilted plants from seed-growing areas. Greenhouse and laboratory tests were done to assess the pathogenicity and potential spread of the fungus within the plant. All isolates caused dry rot on inoculated tubers. They were also able to infect vascular tissues through roots and leaves, but none caused wilt, stemend rot or other symptoms.F. oxysporum is often not visible in the field, but its propagules can increase under favourable conditions. It may therefore become a potential danger during potato storage.