Comparison of the florfenicol metabolic rate in Portunus trituberculatus individuals with different body weights

We analysed the metabolic rate of large individuals (LIs) and small individuals (SIs) (based on body weight) of 80‐day‐old specimens of Portunus trituberculatus injected with 40 mg/kg florfenicol (FLR). The results showed that FLR contents in the gills and hepatopancreas were higher in the SIs than in the LIs. The activities of erythromycin N‐demethylase and 7‐ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase related to cytochrome oxidase P450 (CYP) were induced after FLR injection and showed a size‐dependent pattern; however, no significant difference in aminopyrine N‐demethylase activity was found between the LIs and SIs. The activity of the phase II enzyme glutathione S‐transferase (GST) increased in the hepatopancreas after FLR injection, and it was higher in the SIs than the LIs. Moreover, induction of CYP2, CYP3, GST, ABCB and ABCG was observed in the first 24 hr after FLR injection. FLR caused more biomolecular damage in the SIs than the LIs, displaying an obvious body weight‐ and time‐dependent pattern. In summary, the SIs exhibited faster FLR uptake and slower depuration in this species, and FLR caused more biomolecular damage to the SIs.     

Study on Liver-protective Effect of Chinese Herbal Compound Probiotics on Acute Liver Injury Layers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the liver-protective effect of Chinese herbal compound probiotics (CHCP) on acute liver injury layers.One hundred and eight 1 day old hens were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 9 layers per replicate in trial 1.The layers in model groups Ⅰ to Ⅲ were gavaged with 10% (V/V) soybean oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (SCCl₄) according to 1,2 and 4 mL/(kg·BW) at 14,28 and 35 d,respectively.The layers in control group were gavaged with 2 mL/(kg·BW) soybean oil.In trial 2,sixty 1 d layers were divided into 5 groups:Control group (soybean oil),model control group(SCCl₄)and low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose CHCP group (SCCl₄+1‰ CHCP,SCCl₄+2‰ CHCP and SCCl₄+4‰ CHCP respectively).CHCP were used by drinking water since 7 days.SCCl₄ were gavaged according to 2 mL/(kg·BW) at 14 and 28 d.The results showed as follows:The model of layers liver damage could be built by intragastric administration of 2 mL/(kg·BW) 10%(V/V) SCCl₄ at 14,28 d respectively,with the signs of hepatic steatosis,severe vacuolar degeneration,nuclear condensation and necrosis.Compared to the model control group,the serum AST levels in low,medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 4.35% (P > 0.05),7.57% (P > 0.05) and 9.79% (P < 0.05),the serum ALT levels in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 34.92% (P < 0.01),36.51% (P < 0.01),the serum total bilirubin content in medium and high dose CHCP groups were decreased by 25.49% (P < 0.01),27.45% (P < 0.01).The liver cell congestion was reduced to varying degrees in different dose CHCP groups,and the liver cell had no vacuoles,arranged in neat rows,abundant cytoplasm and uniform in different dose CHCP groups.In conclusion,2‰,4‰ CHCP could reduce hepatocyte necrosis,decrease the serum activities of ALT,AST and total bilirubin levels,and had protective effect on hepatic injury induced by SCCl₄.     

利用小分子DNA鉴定重金属离子对DNA的损伤(英文)

[目的]利用小分子DNA鉴定重金属离子对DNA的损伤。[方法]将pUC18DNA分子暴露于Hg2+、Cr6+、Pb2+、Cd2+4种重金属离子环境中,经一定时间处理后对DNA分子进行生物活性研究,并用凝胶电泳和增色效应分析了重金属离子对DNA分子生物活性影响机制。[结果]DNA活性分析表明,4种重金属对pUC18的影响程度为Hg2+>Cr6+>Pb2+>Cd2+;凝胶电泳和增色效应结果表明,4种重金属离子主要是引起DNA分子交联导致其生物活性的降低,交联程度为Hg2+>Cr6+>Pb2+>Cd2+。[结论]该研究表明,pUC18DNA分子可用作鉴定重金属离子对DNA损伤的依据,为评价重金属对DNA毒害作用提供了一种简捷有效的技术方法。     

中山市三叶斑潜蝇寄主种类及危害情况

对中山市5个无公害蔬菜生产基地的调查结果表明,在大田蔬菜种植期间,三叶斑潜蝇主要嗜食危害6科14种寄主植物,包括菊科的茼蒿、非洲菊和莴苣,伞形科的西芹和香芹,豆科的豆角、四季豆,茄科的番茄和枸杞,葫芦科的冬瓜、西葫芦、黄瓜,以及十字花科的芥菜和白菜等蔬菜品种,对其他蔬菜种类没有发现危害。     

玉米赤霉烯酮对猪睾丸间质细胞DNA损伤作用的彗星试验

[目的]观察玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)对猪睾丸间质细胞(Leydig cell)的DNA损伤效应。[方法]以体外培养的猪Leydig cell为材料,用四氮唑蓝比色分析法(MTT法)测定ZEN对离体培养的猪睾丸间质细胞的半数致死浓度,选用0(对照组)、1、5、10和20μmol/L浓度的ZEN体外作用于猪Leydig cell,通过彗星试验观察了ZEN对猪Leydig cell DNA的损伤效应。[结果]ZEN浓度为0、1、5、10和20μmol/L时,所造成的细胞拖尾率分别为16.67%、34.00%、40.67%、52.00%和64.67%,各染毒组细胞拖尾率与对照组比较,差异均有极显著统计学意义(P<0.01),且存在明显的剂量-效应关系;各剂量组对应的拖尾细胞尾长(Tail length)分别为57.60±4.78、57.75±6.25、78.97±5.83、100.50±6.94和146.83±12.31μm,尾部DNA含量(Tail DNA%)分别为21.29±2.25%、22.24±2.43%、31.21±6.27%、37.45±4.33%和60.68±9.83%,与对照组比较,5μmol/L及以上ZEN浓度染毒组的Tail length和Tail DNA%均有显著性差异(P<0.05),且随ZEN浓度增加呈上升趋势。[结论]ZEN对猪Leydig cell存在遗传毒性,可以损伤Leydig cell的DNA,且有明显的剂量-效应关系。     

青海共和地区近50年霜冻的气候变化特征分析

为了全面分析共和地区近50年霜冻的气候变化特征,为该地区合理利用气候资源及农业生产提供科学依据,利用青海省海南州气象台1961--2010年地面气象观测资料,采用气候统计方法,对共和地区霜期气候特征及其变化进行了分析。结果表明,近50年来共和地区终霜日呈显著提前趋势,以每10年4．5d的速度提前,50年来终霜日提前了23d;初霜日呈显著推后趋势,以每10年7．1d的速度推后,50年来初霜日推后了35d;无霜期呈显著延长趋势,以每10年11．9d的速度延长,50年来延长了60d。共和地区初（终）霜提前（推迟）的概率为42％（52％）,说明共和地区终霜的危害大于初霜。温度对初、终霜日的出现及无霜期的长短有较大影响。随着温度的显著增加,导致初（终）霜日逐渐推迟（提前）以及无霜期的延长;最低气温对初、终霜日及无霜期的影响大于平均气温和最高气温。共和地区初霜日和无霜期与最高气温、最低气温、平均气温呈极显著正相关,而终霜日则呈极显著负相关,且在年际尺度上呈现出很好的对应关系。     

二氧化氯对机械损伤苹果的防腐保鲜效果

【目的】研究在冷藏条件下二氧化氯(ClO2)处理对受损伤苹果果实的防腐保鲜效果。【方法】以采后受损伤的"红富士"苹果为试材,对果实进行压伤、果柄戳伤模拟处理,对压伤果和果柄戳伤果均用50 mg/L ClO2溶液浸泡20 min(分别记为处理A和处理B),以用蒸馏水浸泡20 min的健全果、压伤果和果柄戳伤果作为对照(分别记为CK、CKA、CKB),比较处理和对照果的呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、失重率和腐烂指数。【结果】CKA和CKB的呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、失重率和腐烂指数均高于CK,但处理A、处理B果实的上述指标均低于CKA和CKB,其中处理A和处理B果实只有腐烂指数低于CK,其他3个指标均高于CK。【结论】ClO2处理对机械损伤果具有明显的防腐保鲜效果,可有效延长贮藏期。     

卫星遥感在森林病虫害监测上的研究进展

总结了近20年来卫星遥感技术在森林病虫害监测领域的研究进展,并概括了遥感监测模型的主要应用形式,指出了目前卫星遥感监测森林病虫害工作的局限性,展望了其应用前景。目的在于为卫星遥感监测森林病虫害工作提供一种有益的启示。     

镉和铅对芦蒿和黄花水龙根系可溶性糖含量和叶片中叶绿素含量的影响

[目的]为环境检测中评价芦蒿和黄花水龙被镉和铅污染的程度提供理论依据。[方法]以芦蒿和黄花水龙的幼茎为材料,预处理后分别置于含镉或铅的1／2Hoagland营养液中培养,Cd^2＋浓度设0、1、5、10、20、50μmol／L;Pb^2＋浓度设0、1、10、20、50、100μmol／L,处理7d后,测定根系中可溶性糖含量和叶片中叶绿素含量。[结果]随着镉浓度的增加,芦蒿根系中可溶性含糖量先下降后上升再下降;同一镉处理下。黄花水龙根系的可溶性糖含量呈下降趋势;用铅处理时,2种植物根系中的可溶性糖含量均随铅浓度的增加而下降;随着镉和铅浓度的增加,2种植物叶片的叶绿素含量均为先上升后下降。[结论]2种植物根系内的可溶性糖含量对重金属的胁迫反应敏感,可将其作为检测重金属毒害的一项生理指标。     

螺旋粉虱发生及综合防治研究进展

从螺旋粉虱的分布区域、寄主范围、危害特征以及综合防治措施等方面阐述了国内外对螺旋粉虱的研究进展。