Stimulating the Hematopoietic Effect of Simulated Digestive Product of Fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hematopoietic Damage in Mice and Its Protective Mechanisms Based on Serum Lipidomics

Hematopoietic damage is a serious side effect of cytotoxic drugs, and agents promoting hematopoiesis are quite important for decreasing the death rate in cancer patients. In our previous work, we prepared the simulated digestive product of fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme, DSFF, and found that DSFF could activate macrophages. However, more investigations are needed to further evaluate whether DSFF could promote hematopoiesis in the chemotherapy process. In this study, the protective effect of DSFF (1.8–7.2 mg/kg, i.p.) on cyclophosphamide-induced hematopoietic damage in mice and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Our results show that DSFF could restore the numbers of white blood cells, neutrophils, and platelets in the peripheral blood, and could also retard bone marrow cell decrease in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced hematopoietic damage. UPLC/Q-Extraction Orbitrap/MS/MS-based lipidomics results reveal 16 potential lipid biomarkers in a serum that responded to hematopoietic damage in mice. Among them, PC (20:1/14:0) and SM (18:0/22:0) were the key lipid molecules through which DSFF exerted protective actions. In a validation experiment, DSFF (6.25–100 μg/mL) could also promote K562 cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. The current findings indicated that DSFF could affect the blood cells and bone marrow cells in vivo and thus showed good potential and application value in alleviating the hematopoietic damage caused by cyclophosphamide.     

ASTER遥感数据在矿区生态损害现状监测中的应用

德兴铜矿矿山多年开采对矿区生态环境造成极大的损害,为维护矿区可持续发展,生态损害现状调查尤为重要。利用ASTER数据结合野外实测各类地物反射光谱曲线,利用矿物指数提取矿区重金属和粘土污染;采用差值法提取水体污染状况;采用NDVI彩色密度分割法提取矿区植被污染信息。研究表明,铜矿区生态损害现状甚为严重,利用遥感手段监测矿区生态环境是完全可行的。这为矿区土地复垦与生态修复提供了技术支持和决策依据。     

藜草花叶病毒的研究概述

藜草花叶病毒(Sowbane mosaic virus,So MV)是菠菜上的重要有害生物,可通过种子、花粉、昆虫介体和机械等方式传播。随着我国种子、种苗进口量的进一步扩大和产业化种植,藜草花叶病毒传入我国的风险非常大。本文综述了藜草花叶病毒的生物学特性、分布、寄主范围、为害症状、传播途径、检测技术等,论述了藜草花叶病毒传入我国的潜在危害性和风险。     

连作晚稻三化螟为害损失与防治指标研究

三化螟幼虫在晚梗稻分蘖、圆秆、孕穗、破口期均能侵入,所形成的为害株数、为害类型和幼虫存活率与生育期有密切关系,为害丛、株增长呈S型曲线。分蘖期、孕穗—破口期引起丛、株为害率和损失率与卵块密度显著相关,每个卵块损失稻谷分别为59.11±2.99g、74.58±3.31g。考种结果表明,产量损失的主要原因是有效穗减少。在现有生产条件下,三化螟经济允许卵块密度为:分蘖期130—150块/666.7m~2,孕穗—破口期100—120块/666.7m~2;防治指标:分蘖期100—110块/666.7m~2,为害团50—60个/666.7m~2,丛为害率2.0％—3.0％,株为害率1.0％—1.5％。     

The Role of the Bark Beetle, Hylastes ater (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), as a Sapstain Fungi Vector to Pinus radiata Seedlings: A Crisis for the New Zealand Forestry Industry?

The role of the bark beetle Hylastes ater in the re-establishment of Pinus radiata forest in New Zealand is discussed. H. ater was found to be a dominant factor in seedlings mortality in the first year following planting. However, seedling mortality is usually relatively low. In contrast, it was found the large numbers of seedlings were sub-lethally damaged by H. ater feeding attempts, particularly in high risk sites. High risk sites were identified as sites that were harvested during March and April (autumn) when the peak flight activity of H. ater occurred, and subsequently planted with P. radiata seedlings the following winter. H. ater was found to vector sapstain fungi to seedlings during feeding attempts, and a strong relationship between the severity of damage and presence of sapstain fungi was identified. The role of H. ater as a vector of these fungi and the potential implications to the New Zealand forest industry are discussed.     

黑河(额济纳河)下游绿洲生态系统受损与生态保育对策的思考

额济纳绿洲是我国西北干旱区中心的一道生态防线。 2 0世纪后半世纪绿洲生态系统严重受损 ,景观结构急剧恶化 ,黑河的供水量逐年趋于下降 ,由 50年代的 1 2 .2 5亿 M3 下降到 90年代的 7.2 4亿 M3。地下水位也相应地降低 ,土地盐化也在加剧。胡扬与沙枣林面积由3 .45万公顷减少到 2 .2 0万公顷 ,并以老龄林为主。红柳灌丛也减少了 50 % ,并且多已成为稀疏矮化的群落。各种禾草草甸严重退化 ,多已演替成为苦豆子群落。为了维护我国西北的这一生态屏障 ,必须坚持以恢复与保护自然绿洲为主 ,恢复胡杨林、沙枣林及红柳灌丛的覆盖率 ;建立人工草地 ,改善土地覆盖 ,建设自然一人工复合绿洲。在绿洲建设与保育工程中必须保证充分供水 ,调控水盐动态 ,发挥生物一景观多样性的系统耦合效应 ,实现绿洲生态系统健康     

Aversion of the feral pigeon and the house sparrow to pellets and sprouts treated with commercial formulations of methyl anthranilate

Two methyl anthranilate formulations, ReJex‐iT® TP‐40 and AG‐36, were tested as bird‐repelling agents for animal feed and vegetable sprouts, respectively. Feral pigeons (Columba livia) and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) are important pests of animal husbandry and field crops in Israel. In each 4‐day experiment, four birds were held together in an aviary, and were offered four trays or dishes with animal feed or cauliflower sprouts in four corners of the cage. The trays and dishes were transposed daily in a Latin square sequence. Pigeons consumed significantly more untreated feed than treated feed. When no alternative untreated food was offered, there was no significant repellency. Treatment of animal feed with TP‐40 to give 2.0 ml methyl anthranilate kg^?1 or less had no repellent effect on sparrows. Concentrations of 4.0 ml kg^?1 or more repelled the sparrows significantly. When no untreated feed was presented, pigeons and sparrows preferred the lowest concentration of methyl anthranilate presented. When AG‐36 was tested on vegetable sprouts, the sparrows tended significantly to avoid the highest concentration used—14.5 ml methyl anthranilate litre^?1 spray. The inter‐specific differences between the birds indicate that the efficacy of methyl anthranilate formulations as a repellent has to be specified for every species. This study did not determine (1) the possibility of developing habituation, (2) the behaviour of birds under natural conditions in the field, or (3) the influence of the feeding behaviour of a sympatric bird species on the repellency of methyl anthranilate to other species. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

勒克瑙根结线虫居群对我国亚热带丝瓜的危害

通过田间对感根结虫病的丝瓜植株取样调查发现 ,勒克瑙根结线虫居群对中国亚热带地区丝瓜生产危害较大 ,受害面积占调查面积的30% ,减产25%以上。研究发现勒克瑙根结线虫居群危害丝瓜的原因是丝瓜属于勒克瑙根结线虫的寄生植物 ;防治勒克瑙根结线虫居群危害最有效、最经济的方法是利用勒克瑙根结线虫属专性植物寄生线虫的生物学特性 ,实行蔬菜品种轮作。     

水稻病虫为害损失试验初报

本文探讨了测算水稻病虫为害总损失、虫害损失、病害损失、挽回损失和实际损失等五组数据的田间试验设计和方法，并以此来评估水稻病虫为害损失情况，同时分析造成为害损失的病虫主次。     

模拟螟害对水稻产量影响的研究

设置了模拟螟害、氮肥和基本苗三因索随机区组试验。结果表明各因素对产量及其构成因素的影响都极显著。水稻9—15叶期,分别损失分蘖8%、20%、20%、4%、4%、1%、1%以上亩穗才显著减少,分别损失分蘖8%、20%、20%、12%、8%、4%、1%以上才显著减产。随着损失叶期和损失度增大,亩穗渐减,着粒数、实粒数和千粒重不同程度增加。12—14叶期,1%—2%的损失产量反而略提高。讨论了氮肥和基本苗对产量及其构成因素的影响,认为每亩(666.7m~2)施5kg 纯氮的氮肥、移栽3.428万棵苗/亩有利于高产。