预应力混凝土小箱梁预应力阶段预应力损失分析

通过对20m预应力混凝土小箱梁张拉过程中预埋于箱梁中钢筋应变计进行实测,并对实测数据、公桥规范（JTG D62-2004）给出的锚固损失计算值、及midas有限元模型计算值对比分析,结果表明：小箱梁采用后张法张拉时跨中截面各损失在短期损失（短期损失加上50％钢筋松弛引起损失）中所占的百分比基本相同,在L/4截面处σ12能达到总损失的一半,σ14和σ15占到20％,σ11占10％左右,锚具变形、钢筋回缩和接缝压缩是引起梁端截面应力损失的主要原因;跨中截面、L/4截面和梁端截面的短期损失占预加力的比重均较大,所以设计时必须对各截面预应力损失都进行计算;影响小箱梁上拱度的因素较多,建议施工时根据预制梁实测上拱值修正反预拱度.     

间作植物根系对Pb斑块胁迫适应机制

为研究间作体系植物根系受Pb胁迫的形态学适应机制,利用根箱试验设计Pb斑块胁迫下玉米、小花南芥单作和玉米与小花南芥间作处理。结果表明:在Pb斑块(0、1000 mg·kg~(-1))处理根箱条件下,间作小花南芥根生物量的相对关系指数显著增加,小花南芥根趋向有Pb斑块生长,根系表面积显著增加,间作模式极显著影响小花南芥根系形态;间作玉米根生物量的相对关系指数显著降低,玉米根趋向无Pb斑块生长,Pb处理极显著影响玉米根系形态。径级在1.5 mmd3≤2.5 mm根表面积显著影响间作小花南芥与玉米对Pb的响应。研究表明,根间相互作用激发小花南芥根系趋向Pb斑块,玉米根系趋向无Pb斑块,揭示了超富集植物与作物间作体系促进两种植物根系趋向性适应的重要原因。     

The use of artificial nest boxes by Siberian flying squirrels (Pteromys volans) in South Korea

In this study, we examined the use of artificial nest boxes by Siberian flying squirrels (Pteromys volans) in three coniferous and mixed forests in Gangwon Province, South Korea. Six hundred and twelve boxes with different sized entry holes (ranging from 3 to 7 cm in diameter) were placed in the forests between 2004 and 2009. Pteromys volans used nine boxes in the coniferous forests and two boxes in the mixed forests. The squirrels only used boxes with entrance holes measuring 3.5, 4, and 5 cm in diameter, showing a strong and moderate preference for boxes with 5 and 4-cm holes, respectively, and a strong avoidance for boxes with 3- and 7-cm holes. Therefore, we suggest placing artificial nest boxes with entrance holes 5 cm in diameter to encourage breeding activity. Most nests made in the artificial boxes were composed of fibrous materials from woody vines. We recommend placing artificial nest boxes with holes of 5-cm diameter in coniferous forests, which support dense populations of P. volans, to survey whether this approach would positively affect the breeding habits and population maintenance of this species.     

基于DEM的甘肃省地貌形态特征分类

[目的]分析微观尺度上的地貌分类指标,为甘肃省的水土流失、地质灾害防治以及农业规划决策提供数据支持。[方法]利用甘肃省DEM数据,通过窗口递增分析、均值变点分析、叠加分析、水系盒维数检验等方法,得到甘肃省地貌形态特征分类试验的最佳分析窗口以及甘肃省地貌形态特征分类结果。[结果](1)利用均值变点分析得到甘肃省DEM分类试验的最佳分析窗口为29×29。(2)根据分类指标体系,结合地表起伏度、地表切割度、地形位置指数(TPI)因子将甘肃省地貌形态分为13类。[结论]提取研究区内5个小流域对得到的甘肃省地貌形态特征分类结果进行了检验,分类结果符合实际情况。构建的甘肃省地貌形态特征的分类指标体系实现了甘肃省地貌形态特征分类试验。     

黄土坡面侵蚀方式演变与侵蚀产沙过程试验研究

利用自行设计的双土槽径流小区系统和人工模拟降雨试验研究方法,研究了坡面侵蚀方式演变对坡面侵蚀产沙量的影响,分析了沟蚀发育不同阶段对坡面侵蚀产沙的贡献。结果表明,坡面侵蚀发育初期,沟头溯源侵蚀占主导地位,侵蚀产沙量呈增加趋势;坡面侵蚀发育中期,沟蚀的宽度和深度变化已属于切沟形态发育的范围,导致了侵蚀产沙量的急剧增加;坡面侵蚀发育后期,沟蚀发育过程处于后期稳定阶段,侵蚀产沙量变化伏动较小。在坡面侵蚀发育初期、中期和后期,沟蚀分别占坡面总侵蚀产沙量的28．7％,70．4％和37．1％。     

机器学习及其在农业中应用研究的展望

机器学习是一种面向机器的数据分析方法,自动化机器学习的研究促进了人工智能的发展。大数据的快速积累,促进了机器学习算法的井喷式发展。如何选择合适的机器学习算法解决行业问题,成为了当前应用的难点。笔者整理了机器学习新材料,对各种机器算法的特点和算法之间的差异,进行了仔细的梳理,总结了各种算法的需求背景和优缺点,以及主要的应用场合。在此基础上,分析了机器学习在农业应用的案例,综述了机器学习在农业应用,指出了目前存在的发展瓶颈,并提出了进一步研究应用的建议。     

Curcumin reduces neuroinflammation stimulated by Aβ25-35 in primary rat microglial cells

AIM: To investigate the effects of curcumin (Cur) on the expression of High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced primary rat microglial cells. METHODS: Microglia were derived from the cerebral cortices of postnatal rat brains. The cells were identified by immunocytochemistry using mouse anti rat Iba-1 monoclonal antibody. A cell model using primary rat microglial cells incubated with Aβ_25-35 as an inflammation model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was set up. The morphological characters of primary rat microglial cells were observed. The concentration of Aβ_25-35 and the treatment concentration of curcumin were selected by CCK-8 assay. Cultured primary rat microglial cells were divided into 5 groups:normal cell group, Aβ_25-35 group, Cur group, Aβ_25-35+Cur group and Aβ_25-35+DMSO group. The expression of HMGB1, NF-κB, and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) was detected by Western blot. The levels of HMGB1, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The purity of primary microglias determined by Iba-1 immunofluorescence was more than 95%. The protein levels of HMGB1, RAGE and NF-κB were significantly increased after Aβ_25-35 stimulation. After treatment with Cur, the protein levels of HMGB1, RAGE and NF-κB were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of HMGB1, IL-1β and TNF-α in the supernatant were significantly increased after Aβ_25-35 stimulation. Cur significantly decreased the level of HMGB1, IL-1β and TNF-α in the supernatant. CONCLUSION: Curcumin significantly inhibits neuroinflammation stimulated by Aβ_25-35 in primary rat microglial cells.     

基于自发气调技术的东魁杨梅保鲜贮运冷链体系的构建

从采后商品化处理的角度,结合预冷库预冷、气调保鲜箱产地贮藏、真空包装运输等技术,构建基于自发气调技术的东魁杨梅保鲜贮运冷链体系。试验结果显示,保鲜杨梅若是48 h内能到达消费者,可以在产地气调箱贮藏10 d;若是24 h内能到达消费者,可以在产地气调箱贮藏16 d;就地销售的则可以在产地气调箱贮藏19 d。     

APETALA1基因启动子的克隆与功能分析

为了分析AP1的表达调控模式,本研究克隆了拟南芥花异常株系AFDL的AP1启动子,启动子元件预测结果表明:AP1启动子中含有3个结合MADS调控因子的CArG box(从5'依次编号为CArG1、CArG2、CArG3),通过删减AP1启动子长度以及改变CArGbox数量构建了5个GUS表达载体并转化野生型拟南芥.测序结果显示:AFDL的AP1启动子在核苷酸序列上与野生型拟南芥完全一致,这表明AP1在AFDL中的表达显著降低并不是启动子序列突变引起的;转基因植株的GUS表达模式说明了CArG1在花发育早期及后期激活基因的表达,CArG2在整个后期都对基因的表达有抑制作用,而CArG3在花发育初期就能抑制基因的表达,并且在中后期仍然保持了对下游基因的抑制作用,CArG box1、2、3对AP1的表达有显著但非决定性的影响.此外,还推测在AP1启动子0～-3 579 bp范围之外存在影响AP1在第4轮花器官表达的调控元件,-3 579 bp至-1 752 bp区域可促进AP1的表达,而AP1启动子-1759 bp至-1359 bp区域除CArG2外的其它元件对调节其表达无明显作用.     

一种基于小波变换的图像过渡区提取及分割方法

具有复杂背景的树木图像的分割对于精确对靶施药及智能化植保机械的设计具有重要意义。为实现树木图像的精确分割,针对该类图像的特点,该文提出了一种基于小波变换的过渡区提取树木图像分割方法。通过对比小波变换系数、小波变换系数聚类以及小波包系数,最终选取了同时能够分解出更多高频、低频信息的小波包变换系数提取特征,根据小波包变换系数定义了小波能量比参数,将小波能量比参数值归一化为图像灰度值,采用自适应阈值和神经网络两种方法提取了过渡区,实现了具有复杂背景树木图像的分割。试验表明,该方法分割精度高,对于分割复杂背景的树木图像具有特别意义。