基于黑箱法的成品卷烟外观检测设备设计与试验

针对成品卷烟外表面缺陷种类多、分类细、人工质检无法对卷烟外观的细粒度缺陷进行系统性检测的问题,设计一种成品卷烟外观检测设备,自动完成成品卷烟的外观全矢量成像和缺陷检测。利用黑箱法对检测设备的技术系统进行分析,并设计了成品卷烟检测设备,该设备主要包括储供装置、单元离散装置、外观成像装置、分拣装置和缺陷检测模型;对影响卷烟运行稳定性、卷烟无损率、成像质量的关键因素进行试验,在单元离散装置上对卷烟运行稳定性因素进行正交试验,结果表明,当滑板提升速度为0.3m/s、过渡板倾斜角为40°、辊子速度为0.045m/s时,烟支输送无斜率可达100%,无偏移率可达99.5%,在分拣装置上对造成卷烟损伤的关键因素进行正交试验,结果表明,当气缸伸缩速度为20mm/s、弹簧刚度为3N/mm时,烟支损伤率为0,对影响成像质量的关键光照因素进行试验,结果表明,光源照射角为10°、光源与烟支高差为30mm时,图像直方图的像素点与其亮度分布包络线平缓,图像清晰;最后,在设备上完成54mm×100规格烟支的检测试验,利用改进HourglassNet-YOLO v4网络模型对成像进行缺陷检测,结果表明,烟支缺陷检出准确率达到98%,缺陷分类准确率达到95.4%。试验结果表明,该设备运行稳定,能够满足成品卷烟外观检测需求。     

一种基于解耦旋转锚框匹配策略的谷粒检测方法

【目的】基于计算机视觉技术建立水稻考种中谷粒计数与粒径的检测方法,节省考种人力成本,提升效率,有利于数字化育种体系建立。【方法】通过对比基于 YOLOv5l 骨架结构的水平框目标检测策略与基于 ResNet101 和 DarkNet53 骨架结构的旋转框检测策略,同时比较旋转框检测策略预测的水稻谷粒长宽比值与实际测量值之间的差异,验证该方法的可行性。【结果】旋转框的目标检测模型计算得到的水稻谷粒长宽比与实测值无显著差异,两者的均方根误差为 0.91~2.29;而水平框的目标检测模型计算的长宽比显著小于实测值,且均方根误差值（9.38~9.45）比旋转框的目标检测模型更大。基于水平框的目标检测策略与基于旋转框的检测策略在谷粒计数的精度几乎相当,但水平框检测模型无法实现水稻谷粒长宽比的准确计算,而使用旋转框的目标检测策略能够较为准确计算谷粒长宽比。【结论】基于解耦旋转锚框匹配策略可对水稻谷粒进行准确计数,相比传统水平框的目标检测策略,可降低检测中的背景噪声和密集堆积物体的漏检情况,同时快速准确计算水稻谷粒长宽比。该方法可以进一步应用到水稻品种识别中的谷粒长短和大小的计算,以及种子质量检测及品种鉴定等数字化育种场景中。     

不同保鲜剂对石竹梅切花保鲜效果的研究

本文主要用蔗糖、柠檬酸、硝酸钙配制的不同配方的保鲜剂对石竹梅鲜切花进行瓶插试验,观察了不同配方的保鲜剂在当地自然条件下对切花外观品质和瓶插寿命的影响,从中筛选出石竹梅切花的较佳保鲜配方。试验研究表明,2%的蔗糖+100mg/L柠檬酸+0.2%硝酸钙的保鲜剂配方对石竹梅切花保鲜效果是最好的,比未经处理的石竹梅鲜切花瓶插寿命延长6-8天。     

Influence of high-mobility group box 1 on proliferation of neural stem cell in pre-infarction cortex of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model rats

AIM：To investigate the influence of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on the proliferation of neural stem cells in peri-infarction cortex of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model rats. METHODS：Male SD rats (n=48) were randomly divided into sham group, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, RNA interference group and negative interference group. The rat middle cerebral artery was blocked to establish focal cerebral I/R model (ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 7 d). Lentivirus vector of HMGB1 shRNA was used to suppress the HMGB1 protein expression in the rat brain. The effect of RNA interference was evaluated by the methods of double-immunofluorescence labeling of HMGB1/GFAP and Western blotting. The proliferation of neural stem cells in the peri-infarction cortex was assessed by double labeling of BrdU/nestin. RESULTS：The protein expression of HMGB1 in I/R group was much higher than those in sham group (P<0.05). RNA interference effectively inhibited the HMGB1 expression (P<0.05). Double labeled BrdU/nestin positive cells in I/R group were more than that in sham group (P<0.05). The double labeled BrdU/nestin positive cells were significantly decreased in RNA interference group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells in peri-infarction cortex by increasing HMGB1 protein level.     

基于改进YOLOv4模型的全景图像苹果识别

苹果果园由于密植栽培模式,果树之间相互遮挡,导致苹果果实识别效果差,并且普通的图像采集方式存在图像中果实重复采集的问题,使得果实计数不准确。针对此类问题,该研究采用全景拍摄的方式采集苹果果树图像,并提出了一种基于改进YOLOv4和基于阈值的边界框匹配合并算法的全景图像苹果识别方法。首先在YOLOv4主干特征提取网络的Resblock模块中加入scSE注意力机制,将PANet模块中的部分卷积替换为深度可分离卷积,且增加深度可分离卷积的输出通道数,以增强特征提取能力,降低模型参数量与计算量。将全景图像分割为子图像,采用改进的YOLOv4模型进行识别,通过对比Faster R-CNN、CenterNet、YOLOv4系列算法和YOLOv5系列算法等不同网络模型对全景图像的苹果识别效果,改进后的YOLOv4网络模型精确率达到96.19%,召回率达到了95.47%,平均精度AP值达到97.27%,比原YOLOv4模型分别提高了1.07、2.59、2.02个百分点。采用基于阈值的边界框匹配合并算法,将识别后子图像的边界框进行匹配与合并,实现全景图像的识别,合并后的结果其精确率达到96.17%,召回率达到95.63%,F1分数达到0.96,平均精度AP值达到95.06%,高于直接对全景图像苹果进行识别的各评价指标。该方法对自然条件下全景图像的苹果识别具有较好的识别效果。     

不同浓度的KT和6-BA对唐菖蒲切花的保鲜效应

[目的]研究不同浓度KT及6-BA对唐菖蒲切花的保鲜效应.[方法]以唐菖蒲红色系“青骨红”切花为研究对象,瓶插在以5％蔗糖＋300 mg/L 8-羟基喹啉＋50 mg/L硝酸银为底液,添加不同浓度的激动素（KT）及6-苄基嘌呤（6-BA）的保鲜液中,通过对切花寿命、观赏品质、鲜重变化率的研究,研究其保鲜效应.[结果] KT浓度为30 mg/L时保鲜效果最佳,瓶插寿命比对照延长了2.1d、提高平均日观赏值3.9、切花花枝鲜重峰值推迟2d出现,但对开花率影响不显著;6-BA浓度为40 mg/L时保鲜效果最佳,瓶插寿命比对照延长了2.5d、提高平均日观赏值4.0、提高开花率1.22％、切花花枝鲜重峰值推迟2d出现.[结论]KT、6-BA均能显著提高保鲜剂的保鲜效果.     

Ecosystem‐based fisheries management: A perspective on the critique and development of the concept

The concept of ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) has been subjected to debate since it was introduced in the late 1990s. The development of the concept seems to follow two separate but simultaneous trajectories of increased popularity but also sustained critique. This paper offers an analysis of potential mechanisms behind these disparate trajectories by drawing on a theoretical framework from science and technology studies (STS) centred around "black box" and actor‐network theory. To support our analysis, we perform an exploratory literature review of how the EBFM concept has been used in a selection of high impact fisheries research papers. We find that the popularity of EBFM does not guarantee its integrity, usefulness or analytical insight, but also that persistent critique of how the concept is used seems to be driving some change. We think that a continued trajectory of increased understanding, contextualization and discernibility of EBFM can help overcome the considerable ambiguity associated with the concept and make it increasingly useful to fisheries management. This means moving away from routine use of the term towards a practicable and tangible approach to improve fisheries sustainability.     

子自仿射集的Hausdorff维数

定义了箱维数，研究了其性质，并获得了Ｈａｕｓｄｏｒｆｆ维数和Ｐａｃｋｉｎｇ维数的另一表达式。最后，计算了一类子集的分数维。     

汽车机械变速器的液力操纵系统

主要介绍机械变速器的液力操纵系统的主要构成和工作原理,并对关键部件的结构和功能加以阐述,最后介绍系统的应用和特点。     

土-箱基-框架结构动力相互作用体系试验研究

通过对1/2大比例模型的试验与仿真分析,研究了结构-箱基础-土体系的动力反应.将实测基频结果与基于刚性地基的仿真分析结果对比,发现实测结果小于有限元结果;但将实测基频结果与考虑相互作用的仿真分析结果对比,发现实测结果与仿真分析结果吻合,这说明土-箱基础-结构相互作用改变了结构体系的动力特性,使结构体系的自振周期延长,同时也验证了仿真分析的有效性.