Changes in the content of free sulphydryl groups during postharvest wheat and flour maturation and their influence on technological quality

The main aim of this study was to determine the changes in free sulphydryl content during postharvest wheat and flour maturation. The content of free sulphydryl groups was determined from wet gluten over 50 days of wheat postharvest maturation and over 14 days of flour maturation by varying incubation temperatures (30 and 37 °C) and incubation times (0, 45, 90 and 135 min). The amount of free sulphydryl groups increased during postharvest wheat and flour maturation as well as with the increase in temperature and gluten incubation time. The additional aim of this study was to find the interrelation between the content of free sulphydryl groups and selected parameters of technological quality by means of Principal Component Analysis. During wheat/flour maturation, the strengthening of protein structure was observed manifested by the increase in gluten index and Mixolab protein network weakening (C2), and changes in dough resistance as well. The incubation temperature of 37 °C affected the weakening of protein structure manifested by the decrease in gluten index and resistance, and increase in extensibility. Strong differentiation of examined varieties in terms of selected quality indicators was observed upon pre-defined maturation period, probably due to the expression of their intrinsic properties.     

Characterization of Influence of Manure Handling System and Feeding on the Level of Ammonia Release Using a Simple Method in Cow Houses

The effects of manure handling system and feeding of dairy cows were studied using a simple method to analyse the level of ammonia release in cow stables. Two ratios based on the balances of ammonia and sensible heat, and ammonia and carbon dioxide, respectively, in animal houses were determined and considered to give characteristic levels of the release of ammonia in relation to the animal density independently of the ventilation rate. This required measurements of ammonia, carbon dioxide and temperature with hand-held instruments in the buildings and in outside air. In total, 34 dairy herds were investigated in the south of Sweden. The results clearly demonstrated higher release of ammonia from free stall barn with liquid manure than from conventional tie stall barn with solid manure. There was a clear effect of the content of crude protein, gram per kg dry matter, in the total feed ration on ammonia release in tie stall barn with liquid manure.     

Concentrations and Flow of Free Amino Acids in Ruminal and Duodenal Liquid of Dairy Cows in Relation to Feed Composition,Time of Feeding and Level of Feed Intake

The main purpose of this study was to examine sources of variation in free amino acids (FAA) in the rumen and their relative contribution to the total duodenal amino acid supply. Six cannulated lactating dairy cows fed three concentrate mixtures differing in ruminally degradable intake protein (101, 114 and 134 g kg^-1 dry matter) at two levels of intake (19.3 vs 9.8 kg dry matter day^-1     

Recent Advances in Breeding Disease Resistant Pines / ONLANGSE VORDERINGS IN DIE TEELT VAN SIEKTE-BESTANDE DENNEBOME

Recent results in breeding disease resistant pines are discussed. Breeding for disease resistance is economically feasible and could be initiated in South Africa if it becomes necessary, provided that adequate personnel is appointed.     

城市公园免费前后生态环境容量对比分析——以昆明市西华公园为例

城市公园在城市美化和改善生态环境方面发挥着重要的作用,是城市居民的主要休闲游憩场所。随着城市公园的免费开放,剧增的游客给公园生态环境带来了不小的冲击。通过对昆明市西华公园免费开放前后生态环境容量的对比分析,探讨公园生态环境的承载力和再生力,以及如何在特定的生态区域内人为提高环境容量,改善生态环境容量因游客量剧增带来的矛盾,探寻城市居民与生态环境双赢的方式。     

米糠稳定化对米糠中游离脂肪酸值的影响

[目的]研究米糠稳定化对米糠中游离脂肪酸值的影响.[方法]对米糠进行干热、湿热、微波和挤压等稳定化处理,并通过测定游离脂肪酸值确定米糠稳定化的最有效方法.[结果]在相同储藏期内稳定化效果顺序为：微波湿热处理＞挤压处理＞湿热处理＞干热处理.从短时间来看,通过挤压法对米糠的稳定效果最好,在130℃下用单螺杆挤压机处理含水量25％的米糠,3d后游离脂肪酸值才达到3.28％;从米糠长期保存考虑,微波湿热处理（25％含水量,60s）效果优于挤压处理（130℃、含水量25％）.[结论]干热法、湿热法、微波法和挤压法等4种稳定方法对抑制米糠游离脂肪酸值的增加都有一定效果.     

Assessment of biomass and net primary productivity of a dry tropical forest using geospatial technology

This study quantifies biomass, aboveground and belowground net productivity, along with additional environmental factors over a 2-3 year period in Barnawapara Sanctuary of Chhattisgarh, India through satellite remotesensing and GIS techniques. Ten sampling quadrates20×20, 5×5 and 1×1 m were randomly laid for overstorey (OS), understorey (US) and ground vegetation(GS), respectively. Girth of trees was measured at breast height and collar diameters of shrubs and herbs at 0.1 m height. Biomass was estimated using allometric regression equations and herb biomass by harvesting. Net primary productivity (NPP) was determined by Ssumming biomass increment and litter crop values. Aspect and slope influenced the vegetation types, biomass and NPP in different forests. Standing biomass and NPP varied from 18.6 to101.5 Mg ha^-1 and 5.3 to 12.7 Mg ha^-1 a^-1, respectively,in different forest types. The highest biomass was found in dense mixed forest, while net production recoded in Teak forests. Both were lowest in degraded mixed forests of different forest types. OS, US and GS contributed 90.4, 8.7and 0.7%, respectively, for the total mean standing biomass in different forests. This study developed spectral models for the estimation of biomass and NPP using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and other vegetation indices.The study demonstrated the potential of geospatial tools for estimation of biomass and net productivity of dry tropical forest ecosystem.     

基于SWOT分析的重庆自由贸易区建设发展战略探索

从发展战略的角度出发,在对中国(重庆)自由贸易试验区的发展进行SWOT分析的基础上,识别其建设中存在的优势、劣势、机遇、挑战,用系统分析的方法把各种因素相互匹配起来加以分析总结,探索促进和完善重庆自由贸易区发展的战略,建设出内陆经济开放高地.     

中亚热带区不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较

为评价不同秋眠强度紫花苜蓿品种在福建中亚热带生产性能,选择秋眠级数(FD)3、5、7、9.5的紫花苜蓿品种在福建延平、福建建阳进行品种比较试验,测定越夏率、年度产草量、产草量季节动态、营养成分,结果表明:秋眠级数为7的阿瑞博表现最优,越夏率为67%,在延平、建阳年度鲜草产量分别为4 7931kg/hm2、62 505kg/hm2,干草产量分别为12 373.2kg/hm2、13 344.8kg/hm2,初花期粗蛋白含量28.0%。秋眠级数为3的苜蓿王初花期粗蛋白含量最高(33.4%),但越夏率和产草量最低。秋眠级数为9.5的萨兰多在秋季保持较高的产草量,但越夏率和春夏季产草量均低于阿瑞博。选择春季生长迅速,耐旱、耐热的非秋眠品种是中亚热带区紫花苜蓿生产的关键。     

中国和东盟经济增长对世界经济的影响分析

指出了随着经济全球化进一步发展和中国-东盟自由贸易区建设的推进，中国经济和东盟经济的快速增长对世界经济产生了重要的影响，运用计量方法定量地分析中国、东盟与世界经济增长之间的关系，发现自2000年以后，中国经济与世界经济的相关性逐年加强，但总体水平仍较弱，而东盟经济与世界经济的相关性则较强。阐述了中国、东盟经济与FDI流入之间的冲击关系。