张家界国家森林公园最佳旅游环境容量研究

近年来,大量增加的游客给张家界国家森林公园的环境带来了较大的压力.为了实现公园的环境保护及可持续发展目标,必须确定公园的最佳旅游环境容量,以此来进行公园的游客管理及接待设施的调控.该研究采用实地调查法,以床位数、游道长度及水体中总磷含量作为衡量指标,分别对公园的经济发展容量、日空间容量、不同季节生态环境容量进行了测算,在此基础上根据“木桶原理”确定了公园的最佳旅游环境容量.结果表明:公园的经济发展容量为41 400人/d,日空间容量为13 255人/d,春、夏、秋、冬4个季节的生态环境容量差异较大,分别为1 848、3 879、1 307和775人/d.根据环保效益和经济效益相结合的原则,确定公园最佳旅游环境容量为13 255人/d,公园“境内最佳住宿容量”春季为1 848人/d,夏季为3 879人/d,秋季为1 307人/d,冬季为775人/d.以上结果可为公园入园游客人数、接待区住宿游客人数及接待设施存量控制与管理提供依据. 关键词:张家界国家森林公园;经济发展容量;日空间容量;生态环境容量;最佳旅游环境容量;境内最佳住宿容量      

国际REDD+机制中森林生物多样性保护的策略

REDD+机制保护的热带森林是最具有生物多样性、复杂性的森林生态系统,因热带森林的破坏严重,所以其自然成为全球环境保护的重点.分析了国际REDD+机制中的森林生物多样性保护问题,研究了UNFCCC和CBD下的REDD+机制森林生物多样性保护,最后为克服技术和政治上的障碍,提出了若干国际REDD+机制中森林生物多样性保护的策略.     

我国森林火灾与气温、降水的关系及其时空差异研究

[目的]从区域的角度来探讨森林火灾与气温和降水的关系。[方法]首先通过耦合站点气象数据、我国森林分布数据以及我国森林火灾季节月份分布数据,获得了气温和降水在每个省森林区域火灾季节时间段内的平均值。然后,通过时间序列分析、相关性分析等方法探讨降水、气温与森林火灾面积的关系。[结果]降水和气温的变化能够较好地反映火灾面积的年际变化。降水减少的同时温度升高以及降水升高的同时温度降低与火灾面积的增、减存在的较好的同步关系,且在不同地区、不同时间这种伴随关系有差异。对不同地区森林区域平均气温、降水与火灾面积的相关性分析发现,大多数地区森林火灾面积与气温具有较好的正相关关系,例如西北地区（R=0.367,P=0.01）、西南地区（R=0.327,P=0.02）、华南地区（R=0.330,P=0.02）、华东地区（R=0.516,P〈0.01）、新疆地区（R=0.447,P=0.042）都表现出显著的正相关关系;而降水与火灾面积除了在西北地区存在正相关关系（R=0.482,P〈0.01）、在华南地区存在负相关（R=-0.323,P=0.03）之外,在其他地区不存在显著相关关系。[结论]揭示我国森林火灾与气温、降水关系对于开展森林防火以及火灾预警都具有重要意义。     

伊春森林生态旅游产业对本地经济发展的贡献分析

结合伊春2001~2012年的旅游收入和国民生产总值,从直接经济贡献和间接经济贡献两个角度并利用一元线性回归模型分析了伊春森林生态旅游产业对经济发展的贡献。从显性角度分析得出森林生态旅游产业已经成为伊春的战略性支柱产业;从隐性角度分析表明伊春每l元的旅游收入能够导致伊春GDP增长约为4.273元人民币,而且发展呈上升的趋势。     

黑河地区林业生态工程构建技术

通年对黑河地区水土流失现状的调查和分析，论述了林业生态工程建设的必要性提出了界河防护林、水库水源涵养林、坡地水土保持林及废旧矿区植被恢复与重建等林业生态工程构建技术，为振兴地方经济，改善生态环境及制定区域性发展规划提供科学依据。     

玛可河林区发展森林生态旅游探讨

阐述了青海省玛可河林区丰富的森林旅游资源,并对今后深入开发本区森林生态旅游提出建议。     

营造速生丰产林机械化的研讨

从我国的国情出发，对目前营造生丰产林尚缺乏适用的机器品种的状况进行了分析，指责若要适应大面积营造速生产丰产林的发展，实现机械化是当务之急。根据速生丰产林营造工艺要求。研究并提出了林地清理，整地，植苗造林，除草松土，林地施肥，灌溉和抚育间伐等主要作业工序所需要的机器选型方案和新机器的研究方向。     

茂兰森林景观多样性分析

以茂兰自然保护区为研究对象,借助地理信息系统（GIS）手段,对其森林景观特征及多样性进行了研究。结果表明,茂兰自然保护区森林景观整体现状良好,但因自然干扰及人类活动增加等因素的影响,导致灌木林和非林地景观类型增加,在保护区的3个功能区中,核心区与缓冲区景观破碎化程度低,试验区内景观破碎化程度高。     

Fengshui forest management by the Buyi ethnic minority in China

Fengshui forests, very popular among the ethnic minorities in the rural areas in Guizhou Province of China, have spiritual symbolic meanings and are strictly managed. This paper examines the nature, history, local perceptions and management of fengshui forests in two Buyi villages in the Guizhou Province. With their long history, the fengshui forests are perceived to provide good wishes, security, unity, fortune, wealth and health to the local communities. Fengshui forests act as a form of “community based nature reserve” which maintains the health of natural forests, especially hydrological features and prevention of soil erosion. Cunguimingyue (Folk Regulation and Customs) is the primary local normative mechanism that maintains the fengshui forests in a good condition. The lessons learnt from local fengshui forest management needs to be incorporated in for contemporary China's forest policy formulation as these forests play an important role in rural livelihoods.     

Survival rates for a declining population of bottlenose dolphins in Doubtful Sound,New Zealand: an information theoretic approach to assessing the role of human impacts

• 1. The bottlenose dolphins of Doubtful Sound, New Zealand are a declining population at the southern limit of the species' range, exposed to impacts from tourism and habitat modification. Patterns in apparent annual survival were analysed from photographic resightings of naturally marked adults (1990 to 2008) and calves within the first year of life (1994 to 2008) using capture‐recapture models.
• 2. The most parsimonious model for adults provided a time‐invariant, sex‐invariant estimate of survival (?_{a(1990–2008)}=0.9374; 95% CI: 0.9170–0.9530), marginally lower than prior estimates for wild bottlenose dolphins.
• 3. The most parsimonious model for calves indicated a significant time‐variant decline in survival from an estimate similar to other populations (?_{c(1994–2001)}=0.8621; 95% CI: 0.6851–0.9473) to a current estimate that is, to our knowledge, the lowest recorded for free‐ranging bottlenose dolphins (?_{c(2002–2008)}=0.3750; 95% CI: 0.2080–0.5782).
• 4. Information theoretic evidence ratios suggested that observed patterns in calf survival were 22 times more likely to be explained by a decline coincident with the opening of a second tailrace tunnel for a hydroelectric power station than by a decline in any other year or across multiple years.
• 5. Projections using an age‐structured stochastic population model indicated that the current level of calf survival was unsustainable (population decline: 100% of model runs; population extinction: 41.5% of model runs) and was a key factor in the observed population decline in Doubtful Sound.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.