Influence of different land uses on soil nitrogen transformations after conversion from an Indian dry tropical forest

The effects of alternate land uses, such as grassland, cropland and mine spoil on mineral nitrogen (N), N-transformation rate and microbial biomass N (MBN) in dry tropical forest soils of India were studied. The mean annual mineral N in the forest, grassland, cropland and mine spoil ecosystems, respectively ranged from 15.24 to 19.58, 17.8 to 18.56, 16.49 to 19.85 and 10.52 to 13.44 µg g^− 1, net nitrification rate from 14.15 to 23.4, 10.11 to 11.38, 8.07 to 9.16, 10.52 to 13.44 µg g^− 1mo^− 1; net N-mineralization rate from 17.38 to 26.36, 13.99 to 15.41, 10.99 to 12.5, 5.43 to 7.68 µg g^− 1mo^− 1and and microbial biomass N from 41.25 to 58.87, 34.47 to 47.95, 27.88 to 30.43 and 22.95 to 25.26 µg g^− 1, respectively. The values were within the range reported by previous studies in different tropical environments. The mean annual net nitrification rates declined after conversion into grassland, cropland and mine spoil by 43, 54 and 78%, respectively, net N mineralization by 33, 46 and 70%, and microbial biomass N by 29%, 42% and 52%, respectively.The MBN was positively related to root biomass and total plant biomass, while microbial-N and inorganic N are reciprocally, while nitrification and N-mineralization are directly related to seasonal soil moisture and temperature. The microbial biomass N, nitrification and N-mineralization are negatively related to smaller fraction (< 0.1 mm) of the soil. Above- and below-ground biomass also have had their impact on microbial biomass N, and thereby N-mineralization. Thus, in dry tropical forests, land-use change affects remarkably the nitrogen transformation process in soil.     

大花萱草品种分类标准初探

在大花萱草繁育试验基础上,选取大花萱草基因类型,株型、绿期长短、花期早晚和花部特征等影响观赏价值的形态特征作为主要分类依据,提出了大花萱草品种的5级分类标准,并应用该标准对引进栽培的大花萱草品种进行了系统分类,以验证其实用性。     

提高丘陵岗地楸树造林成活率的技术措施

以2 a生楸树实生苗为试验材料,研究了腐殖酸液肥、生物菌肥、保水剂和生根粉技术对提高丘陵山区困难立地造林成活率的应用效果.结果表明:在栽植穴内施入腐殖酸液肥、施用抗旱保水剂或使用GGR生根粉溶液对根系进行浸泡处理,均能显著提高楸树在困难立地上的造林成活率;在栽植穴内填加生物菌肥,对造林成活率没有显著影响.试验中,每株施用2.5 kg腐殖酸液肥或施用200 g抗旱保水剂,造林成活率最高;此外,使用1000 mg/L的GGR1号生根粉溶液浸泡苗木根系2 min,造林后成活率最高.     

紫茎泽兰入侵对林分土壤可萌发种子库特征及生物多样性的影响

为了探讨不同程度紫茎泽兰入侵对林地土壤可萌发种子库特征及生物多样性的影响,选择6种不同类型的林地开展了相关研究。采用野外调查植被类型及土壤萌发法进行研究,结果表明:紫茎泽兰的入侵提高了地表物种丰富度,所有样地中共含有31种植物,隶属21个科。各样地中可萌发植物种子量为1 959~37 218粒·m-2,并且主要分布在0~5 cm的土层中,紫茎泽兰的种子量占总量的65.1%,其数量可高达19 833粒·m-2。土壤种子的萌发高峰期主要在前20~40 d,并且双子叶植物居多,占萌发数量的83.3%以上。土壤种子库的物种多样性并不高,与地被植物的相似性较低,无紫茎泽兰入侵的林地也能检测到紫茎泽兰的种子。试验研究表明,紫茎泽兰具有长久性土壤种子库,其种子的数量在土壤种子库中处于绝对优势。     

大兴安岭林区湿地生态水环境失调机理探析

阐述了大兴安岭林区湿地特征和生态水环境失调机理,指出该区大气转暖期的温室效应增加,原始森林被砍伐,湿地排水造林,三者相互制约,促使降水径流加速,冻结滞水层融深和融水量加大,地面蒸发作用增强,并人为加大湿地及其流域内地表积水和地下径流向山地河谷排泄,导致湿地生态水环境失调,由此造成大兴安岭针叶森林、冻结滞水层分布区向北和高海拔退缩,森林生态水环境随之失调恶化。     

林芝地区森林生物多样性保护现状及对策探讨

在介绍林芝地区丰富的森林生物多样性的基础上,分析目前林芝地区森林生物多样性保护现状及存在问题,进而提出在保护生物多样性的过程中改进和加强的措施,为更有效地实现生物多样性的保护,实现生物资源的可持续利用和社会经济的可持续发展提供理论支持。     

哈密产黄鳝的染色体组型分析

哈密产黄鳝的染色体组型分析王秀玲，吴敏，马英梅，刘伟，史为慧（新疆师范大学生物系，乌鲁木齐，８３００５３）关键词哈密产黄鳝，核型，分类ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＫＡＲＹＯＴＹＰＥＯＦＭＯＮＯＰＴＥＲＵＳＡＬＢＵＳＩＮＨＡＭＩ￥ＷａｎｇＸｏｕｌｉｎｇ；ＷｕＭ...     

头足类分类鉴定的研究进展

头足类作为软体动物门中的重要组成,不仅具有很高的经济价值,而且还是海洋生态系统组成中不可或缺的一部分,加大对头足类的开发利用已成为世界各国的目标之一。头足类种类繁多,通常是抹香鲸等高等动物的重要饵料,因此其分类鉴定显得尤为重要。本文从方法和材料两个方面对头足类的分类鉴定进行了系统的回顾与总结。传统的外部形态学与生态学在头足类的分类鉴定已经相当成熟,耳石是头足类信息的良好载体,可作为种类和种群划分的主要依据;角质颚是头足类的主要摄食器官,具有稳定的形态特征、良好的信息储存以及耐腐蚀等特点,不同种类之间有着显著的差别,是分类鉴定的良好材料。头足类的分类鉴定要在发挥传统分类学优势的同时,加大分子水平上的研究力度,并将二者结合,相互佐证。此外,还应加强对头足类硬组织的研究和基础资料积累,并建立完整的数据库及检索系统,使其在分类鉴定中得到更加有效的应用。     

Life-history variation in relation to nest site abundance in males of the freshwater goby Tridentiger brevispinis

Abstract –  Age at maturity in males of the freshwater goby Tridentiger brevispinis , a species with exclusive paternal care, was investigated in two populations in Lake Biwa, Japan, that differed markedly in nest site abundance. At Ohmi-maiko, where nest sites were scarce, most males matured at age 3, and mean body size of males guarding eggs in nests was larger than that of males sampled randomly (including both guarding and nonguarding males) in the population. Conversely, at Minamihama, where nest sites were abundant, many males matured at age 1, and there was no difference in body size between guarding males and males collected randomly. The slope of regression lines between body size of the guarding male and the number of eggs in his nest was greater in Ohmi-maiko than in Minamihama. These results suggest that the shortage of nest sites enhances reproductive success in larger males, probably through male–male competition for nest sites and female mate choice for larger males. I conclude that in nest spawners, the availability of nest sites should strongly affect life-history traits of males through sexual selection.