广西东门林场森林资源现状和可持续发展策略

根据广西东门林场2009年森林资源二类调查的结果,分析东门林场森林资源现状、特点及存在的问题,并提出东门林场森林资源可持续发展的策略。     

林火对土壤氮含量的扰动作用

通过对大兴安岭地区新林林业局 2 0a内不同年份间隔的 11块火烧迹地土壤进行调查取样和室内实验分析 ,发现火烧后不同年限、不同强度的火烧迹地 ,土壤全氮与有效氮含量变化情况如下 :低强度火烧后 9d ,土壤全氮和有效氮含量均比未烧前低 ,这与中、高强度火烧后的情况正好相反。火烧后 4a内 ,土壤氮的含量基本都比未烧林地有所下降 (中强度火烧迹地土壤有效氮含量除外 )。以后有逐年增加的趋势。火烧迹地降第一场雨后 ,低强度火烧迹地土壤全氮比降雨前减少 ,有效氮增加 ;中强度火烧迹地土壤全氮和有效氮均比降雨前增加 ;高强度火烧迹地土壤全氮和有效氮均比降雨前有所下降。连年火烧迹地土壤全氮减少 ,有效氮增加     

基于北斗的大坝连续压实监控系统研究及应用

针对目前在大坝碾压施工过程中,传统施工质量控制方式难以满足日益提高的对高坝施工技术的需要,基于北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)和地理信息系统(GIS),对大坝碾压施工质量实时监控技术进行研究。通过安装在碾压机械上的加载设备及振动传感器采集数据,在集成软件处理并记录该碾压机械碾压施工过程,实现对碾压过程全程、全自动的实时监控。将研究结果应用于平桥水库面板堆石坝碾压施工过程中,结果表明,系统实现了对大坝碾压施工过程压实质量参数的有效监控,为大坝高质量、高强度施工提供保障,为工程管理提供便利和依据。     

基于AdaBoost模型和mRMR算法的小麦白粉病遥感监测

除选择合适的建模方法外,选择合适的特征选择算法来优选建模特征对提高作物病害的遥感监测水平具有重要作用。选取陕西省关中平原西部小麦白粉病为对象,基于Landsat 8遥感影像共提取了18个特征变量,通过相关性分析(correlation analysis,CA)和最小冗余最大相关(minimum redundancy maximum relevance,mRMR)2种特征选择算法筛选出了2组不同的特征变量,分别将其输入Fisher线性判别分析(Fisher linear discriminant analysis,FLDA)、支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)和AdaBoost 3种方法,构建小麦白粉病发生严重程度监测模型,并对其进行精度验证与对比分析。结果表明,2种AdaBoost模型对小麦白粉病发生严重程度的总体监测精度分别比FLDA模型和SVM模型高出27.9%、27.9%和14.0%、9.3%,mRMR算法筛选特征所建FLDA、SVM及AdaBoost监测模型的总体监测精度分别比CA筛选特征所建模型高出7.0%、11.7%和7.0%,且mRMR算法筛选特征结合AdaBoost方法所建监测模型的精度和Kappa系数分别为88.4%和0.807,为所有模型中最高。说明将AdaBoost方法用于作物病害遥感监测效果较好,在作物病害监测模型的特征变量选择中mRMR算法比常用CA算法更具优势。研究结果可为其他作物病害遥感监测提供方法参考。     

恩施州水稻主栽品种稻瘟病抗性监测与分析

[目的]探讨恩施州水稻主栽品种的稻瘟病抗性变化规律。[方法]于2011~2015年采用病圃田间自然诱发方法对恩施州生产上推广种植的水稻品种开展稻瘟病抗性监测鉴定,并对有2a以上叶瘟和穗瘟数据的30个品种进行分析和比较。[结果]抗性最好的为谷优92和全优128,在监测年份其综合指数均≤2.0;抗性较好的有全优2689、川谷优202等7个品种,其综合指数在2.1~4.0;抗性较差的有深优9752、骏优172等6个品种,其穗瘟发病率个别年份达到高感级别;抗性最差的是川丰6号、科优21等4个品种,在监测年份出现了1a以上穗瘟损失率高感级别。福优325和全优2689这2个品种的穗瘟发病率在近5a间呈现出较有规律的波动。[结论]试验结果为恩施州水稻抗病品种选育提供了理论依据。     

张掖市肉牛传染病和寄生虫病感染状况的抽样监测

为了确实掌握张掖市百万头肉牛基地肉牛传染病和寄生虫病感染情况,建立健全百万头肉牛基地的动物卫生防疫体系,有效防治疫病的发生流行,确保百万头肉牛基地健康发展,对全市肉牛传染病和寄生虫病的流行情况进行了摸底调查和实验室检测。通过详细普查,掌握了全市肉牛传染病和寄生虫病发病情况,为有效防控肉牛疫病提供了重要理论依据。     

我国农情信息需求调查与分析

农情信息是指农业资源、环境与主要农作物的生长过程、状况的信息.调查研究与分析的目的是为国家农情监测系统的研究开发提供信息采集、处理与发布的标准.本次调查通过抽样方式,覆盖了国家7个部委局与全国22个省、自治区三个层次的农情信息用户,通过对农情信息需求的调查分析得出:农情监测信息具有及时、客观与覆盖面广的特点,已成为不可缺少的农业信息资源;农情信息同时已成为各级决策、生产管理、生产经营及农产品市场部门制定农业政策、管理指导农业生产和制定经营策略的重要科学依据;我国农情信息的采集、加工处理与发布缺乏统一的标准,缺乏统一协调的信息服务管理机制,信息资源共享系统亟待解决.     

Vehicle Monitoring Control and Scheduling Management System in a Scenic Area

In order to help tourists choose satisfying scenic spots, content hotels, convenient lines and convenient vehicles, vehicle monitoring control and scheduling management system in a scenic area is presented, which dispatches vehicle by appointments and the statistic of tourists at a sight spot and recommends the tour line by broadcasting in vehicle. Vehicle monitoring control and scheduling management system in a scenic area, a integrative vehicle management system, is an integration of GPS, GIS, trunked radio system, a management system of booking room and a tourist statistic system at a sight spot.     

林业建设的战略性转变与森林培育理论和技术的变革

新世纪我国林业建设进入了历史性变革时期,对森林效益的认识更加深化,对林业建设的需求更加全面、迫切,林业可持续发展对森林资源的培育、保护和管理有更新、更高的要求.根据我国林业建设战略性转变的要求,对森林培育的认识、目标以及策略、内容、科技等方面进行了分析,提出森林培育理论和技术如何适应建设战略性转变的建议.     

The influence of forest cover on mule deer habitat selection, diet, and nutrition during winter in a deep-snow ecosystem

Recent research in western North America suggests that open forage areas are a greater limiting factor to mule deer abundance than closed conifer forests. However, much of this work was conducted in ecosystems prone to fire and low snow depths compared to the limits of mule deer range such as the Columbia Mountains, British Columbia, where snow is deep and fires are rare. We used snow track surveys as a measure of habitat use and fecal nitrogen as an index of dietary quality to compare the relative value to mule deer of open deciduous canopies to closed coniferous canopies in a wet ecosystem with deep snow and few fires. Deciduous canopies contain higher levels of understory forage compared to dense coniferous canopies, which are better at intercepting snow. We also evaluated food habits across landscapes with contrasting forest canopies. Results corroborated previous work in that foraging areas such as deciduous stands were strongly selected by deer, despite deeper snow relative to closed coniferous stands. Deer consumed fewer understory shrubs in coniferous-dominated stands, suggesting lower nutritional intake in these stands. Finally, deer appeared to derive a nutritional benefit in landscapes that had a higher proportion of open deciduous canopies, as indexed by fecal nitrogen. However, not all open canopy stands were of equal value to deer – deciduous-dominated stands were selected, whereas clearcuts were avoided. Similarly, not all closed coniferous stands were equally selected: cedar–hemlock stands were avoided whereas Douglas-fir stands were selected and indeed contained the highest proportion of deer tracks. We suggest that winter foraging areas have been underrepresented in management policy in British Columbia, but that snow-interception cover provided by coniferous stands still plays a role in winter deer ecology in deep-snow ecosystems.