基于深度学习和图像处理的水果收获机器人抓取系统

首先,介绍了水果收获机器人抓取系统的总体架构;然后,利用深度学习对水果目标识别进行了研究,实现了一套基于卷积神经网络的目标检测算法;接着,利用图像处理技术实现了对目标物体定位的功能,可以引导水果收获机器人完成对目标水果的采摘。实验结果表明:水果收获机器人抓取系统对水果坐标的计算误差较小,且具备较强的水果识别和定位能力。     

Responses of Chilean forest birds to anthropogenic habitat fragmentation across spatial scales

Although it is recognized that anthropogenic forest fragmentation affects habitat use by organisms across multiple spatial scales, there is uncertainty about these effects. We used a hierarchical sampling design spanning three spatial scales of habitat variability (landscape > patch > within-patch) and generalized mixed-effect models to assess the scale-dependent responses of bird species to fragmentation in temperate forests of southern Chile. The abundances of nine of 20 bird species were affected by interactions across spatial scales. These interactions resulted in a limited effect of within-patch habitat structure on the abundance of birds in landscapes with low forest cover, suggesting that suitable local habitats, such as sites with dense understory cover or large trees, are underutilized or remain unused in highly fragmented landscapes. Habitat specialists and cavity-nesters, such as tree-trunk foragers and tapaculos, were most likely to exhibit interactions across spatial scales. Because providing additional sites with dense understory vegetation or large habitat trees does not compensate the negative effect of the loss of forest area on bird species, conservation strategies should ensure the retention of native forest patches in the mixed-use landscapes.     

北京市小龙门国家森林公园大型真菌名录

北京市小龙门国家森林公园大型真菌资源丰富。在保护区内共采集标本212号,鉴定出47种,隶属于2个门、7个目、20个科、47个种。     

温室环境下黄瓜采摘机器人信息获取

研究基于近红外图像的黄瓜果实与茎叶的信息表达方法,有效实现了近色系生物信息的图像识别。分析了黄瓜采摘深度图像信息的特点,通过建立基于灰度相关与极线几何相结合的匹配策略实现了双目视觉下的黄瓜抓取点的立体匹配和三维重建。研究温室环境下不同时间光照强度变化特点,建立了光照分析模型,提高了不同光照条件下的导航线提取的适应性。试验表明机器人视觉系统能有效识别、定位果实的空间位置,定位误差控制在±5mm以内。     

传感器在农业采摘机器人中的应用

作为智能机器人的一种,农业采摘机器人是机器人技术应用的典范.与工业机器人相比较,农业采摘机器人工作环境的特殊性、非结构性,对农业采摘机器人的智能程度提出了更高的要求.为此,针对农业采摘机器人工作特性,叙述了传感器在农业采摘机器人中所起的作用,分析了农业采摘机器人传感器选取的方法,介绍了多传感器信息融合技术在采摘机器人中的应用,为农业采摘机器人智能传感器的选取与研究提供了依据.     

基于全局协调的甘蔗收获机械物流系统的研究

甘蔗物流系统模型主要包括扶蔗、砍蔗、输送、剥叶等过程.每个部件之间能否协调运作,匹配是否合理,相互之间衔接和位置布局是否符合要求都是设计的关键.通过对甘蔗收获机械在收获过程中,甘蔗遍历的过程及各机构的运动原理,在基于全局协调理论的基础上,采用机械优化设计中迭代优化的方法,对各机构的运动参数和协调参数进行优化,达到甘蔗在收获过程中的最优的甘蔗收获机械物流系统模型.     

鞍山市玉米收获机械化推广制约因素及建议

玉米收获机械化是鞍山玉米全程机械化的薄弱环节。近年来,由于增加玉米机械化方面的投入和实施农机购置补贴政策,激发了农民购买大型农业机械的积极性,推动了全市玉米机械化的发展。介绍鞍山市玉米收获机械发展现状,分析推广玉米收获机过程中存在的问题,并提出解决问题的具体措施。     

现代雨水利用技术研究进展与研发重点

具有工程化、科技化、规模化内涵的现代雨水利用技术是现代节水农业技术的重要研究内容,已成为缓解干旱缺水,实现农业高效用水,降低常规农业用水量的有效措施。在分析现代雨水利用技术研究进展及其发展趋势基础上,指出现代雨水利用技术是传统雨水利用技术与新材料技术、现代生物技术、现代信息技术、现代灌溉工程技术等高新技术相结合的产物,具有多学科相互交叉、各单项技术相互渗透的明显特征。在此基础上,提出了近中期现代雨水利用技术研发的重点,即以重大前沿性技术研究为基础,研发与雨水利用相关的重要关键技术与产品,探索建立适宜的现代雨水高效利用技术体系。     

盐渍化土壤覆土材料理化性状及其对双孢蘑菇生长的影响

研究山西省当地盐渍化土壤添加草炭土、醋糟、谷糠或高粱壳配制的不同覆土材料(Ⅰ:66.7%草炭土,33.3%盐渍化土壤;Ⅱ:50%草炭土,50%盐渍化土壤;Ⅲ~Ⅴ:每立方米盐渍化土壤分别添加45kg醋糟、谷糠或高粱)的理化性状,并比较不同覆土材料对双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)生长的影响,以草炭土为对照。从覆土至第一潮菇采收结束,Ⅰ和Ⅱ覆土电导率呈逐渐上升趋势,而Ⅲ~Ⅴ覆土的电导率则一直保持较高水平,为1427~1980μS/cm,第三潮菇采收时,Ⅰ~Ⅴ覆土电导率均显著下降;覆土第6天开始,Ⅰ~Ⅴ覆土的pH明显高于对照,为7.47~8.47;Ⅰ和Ⅱ覆土处理的发菌天数与对照相同,Ⅲ~Ⅴ覆土处理则比对照延长3d;各处理的第一潮菇和第三潮菇的采收时间均为5d,第二潮菇采收时间各处理间略有差异,但总产量均高于对照,其中以Ⅲ覆土处理产量最高,达21.3kg/m~2。试验结果表明,盐渍化土壤添加草炭土、醋糟、谷糠或高粱壳均可作为生产双孢蘑菇的覆土材料。     

Do forest and health professionals presume that forests offer health benefits,and is cross-sectional cooperation conceivable?

In high-income countries depression and cardiovascular diseases were predicted to be the two leading causes of DALYs in the year 2030. Private-life stress fosters both kinds of diseases. Scientific findings already show that forest exposure has stress-reducing effects. Particularly in Japan, people have practiced forest bathing to improve their health. The German population also has a strong connection to its forests, and forest law allows forest access, regardless of ownership structure. Hence, the question arises of whether forest exposure could be used in Germany as a kind of stress-coping strategy. To a certain degree, the success of such a strategy in Germany would require the participation of the stakeholders that are active in both the health and the forestry sectors. Therefore, it seems necessary to gain insight into German forest and health professionals' understanding and attitude concerning forest-related health benefits. For this reason, in this pilot study, guideline interviews with professionals of both sectors and with professionals standing in between these professions were conducted, recorded and transcribed. On the one hand, each professional’s presumptions regarding the health-fostering effects of forests were investigated, derived from their subjective certainty that forest exposure has health-fostering effects. In addition, a thought experiment was used to estimate the level of willingness to cooperate with each other in order to motivate people to be physically active in forests. For analysis, Mayring’s qualitative content analysis and a frequency analysis (MaxQDA) were applied. Findings show that most of the interviewed professionals presume forests to have health-fostering effects. Furthermore, something derived from the statements within the context of the thought experiment was that most professionals seem to be willing to cooperate with the other sector. Hence, it might be conceivable that forest exposure may be part of a German stress-coping strategy.