小九林场森林资源现状及动态分析

利用1999年与2010年的森林资源调查资料,对小九林场森林资源现状和近10年森林资源动态变化进行了分析,做出经营效果的综合评价。     

Indices of soil nitrogen availability for an ecological site classification of British forests

An adequate supply of nitrogen (N) is essential for the successful establishment and sustainable productivity of forest stands. N deficits may necessitate the use of artificial fertilisers. Availability of N in the inorganic forms, and the relative abundance of the NO₃-N and NH₄-N components, influences the species composition of natural forest vegetation. Hence it is essential to use reliable measures of soil N supply that fully reflect its ecological significance. The new Ecological Site Classification (ESC) used in British forestry employs a multi-factorial definition of soil nutrient regime (SNR), including soil N. To develop this, a soil and vegetation study was made at 89 forest sites throughout Great Britain covering the major soil types used for forestry. “Total N” levels were compared with separate pre- and post-incubation measures of the two inorganic N components as potential indices of soil N supply. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the major discriminant chemical variables for the sampled soils were pH, calcium and NO₃-N and that these were also the main variables influencing the species composition of the ground vegetation. Total N and NH₄-N were less effective discriminant variables for these sites. In some infertile soils the levels of NH₄-N or total N may be of greater importance, as NO₃-N is usually in very limited supply. A multivariate gradient of SNR, which incorporates the NO₃-N measures, has been adopted for use within the ESC system. The position of a site on this gradient can be estimated quantitatively from soil type, ground vegetation species composition and humus type. This enables soil N supply and overall SNR to be assessed in a simple but effective way that guides the operational management of British forest soils for sustainable productivity. It will also be possible to use these techniques to monitor the nutritional status of forest sites over time.     

泾源县森林资源特点及保护利用对策

2006年9月~2008年10月,泾源县抽调专业技术人员,采用"3S"等高新技术,利用人机交互目视解译卫星遥感影像(SPOT5)区划土地类型和判读小班林分因子,遥感定量测算小班蓄积量,GPS定位验证的方法。全面查清了全县森林、林地和林木资源种类、数量、质量与分布,建立和更新了森林资源档案。本文对泾源县森林资源现状和重点林业工程建设成效进行分析,找出特点,并提出保护利用对策,现报告如下,目的是使泾源县在制定森林采伐限额,进行林业工程设计和森林资源管理,制定县域国民经济发展和林业发展规划,实行森林生态效益补偿和森林资源资产化管理,指导和规范全县森林科学经营等方面有一定的参考依据。     

The influence of regulatory forest policy tools on biodiversity measures for forests in Ukraine

The transition from a state-oriented forest economy to a market-oriented one requires a critical analysis of the set of tools designed to implement state forest policies. One of the important goals of Ukrainian forest policy is conservation of the biodiversity of forest ecosystems. This paper analyzes the influence of two of the regulatory forest policy instruments (zoning and prohibition of final harvesting) on the diversity of woody vegetation using Tobit regression. Data on the forest resources of the Sumy administrative province in Ukraine are used for the analysis. Additionally, we look at how diversity of woody vegetation is affected by the form of forest tenure.     

集体林区阔叶化改造实施组织模式的探讨

为了将集体林生态退化区域阔叶化改造的责任主体落实到农户,解决集体林区阔叶化实施难的问题。本文针对集体林区特点,建立县、乡（镇）、村三级联动组织实施体系,并以稳定的山林经营权为依据,分别探讨了村集体统一实施、农民家庭实施、村户合作实施、招标承包实施和国有林场实施五种模式的具体做法,将农民的愿望与国家生态建设的要求统一起来,推动了集体林区阔叶化进程。     

东乌珠穆沁旗林地资源对草原生态环境的影响

文章通过对东乌珠穆沁旗林地资源及其质量的分析,研究林地资源的发展对保护草原牧区生态环境的重要作用。     

森林资源二类调查技术新旧规定的对比分析

对森林资源二类调查原“技术规定“和新“技术规定“进行了对比分析,提出了几点建设性意见.     

Multi-source land cover classification for forest fire management based on imaging spectrometry and LiDAR data

Forest fire management practices are highly dependent on the proper monitoring of the spatial distribution of the natural and man-made fuel complexes at landscape level. Spatial patterns of fuel types as well as the three-dimensional structure and state of the vegetation are essential for the assessment and prediction of forest fire risk and fire behaviour. A combination of the two remote sensing systems, imaging spectrometry and light detection and ranging (LiDAR), is well suited to map fuel types and properties, especially within the complex wildland–urban interface. LiDAR observations sample the spatial information dimension providing explicit geometric information about the structure of the Earth's surface and super-imposed objects. Imaging spectrometry on the other hand samples the spectral dimension, which is sensitive for discrimination of surface types. As a non-parametric classifier support vector machines (SVM) are particularly well adapted to classify data of high dimensionality and from multiple sources as proposed in this work. The presented approach achieves an improved land cover mapping adapted to forest fire management needs. The map is based on a single SVM classifier combining the spectral and spatial information dimensions provided by imaging spectrometry and LiDAR.     

森林浴及森林浴场的开发

开展森林浴活动,既是对森林的一种新的利用途径,又能满足人们渴望“回归大自然”、休闲保健的需求。开发森林浴场具有广阔的发展前景,但必须具备一定的资源环境条件,在森林浴场的选址和项目设施建设方面,也必须综合考虑森林浴的保健、休闲旅游功能。     

增强病虫害防治能力提高森林资源的质量

针对江西森林病虫害发生现状、成因及防治存在的主要问题，阐述提高森林质量、增强病虫害防治能力的有效途径。