Artificial inoculation and susceptibility of Pinus armandii to Dothistroma septosporum

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a serious needle disease of conifers that primarily affects pine species (Pinus spp.). Dothistroma septosporum is one of the DNB pathogens that has a diverse range of host species excluding Pinus armandii. In 15 inoculated P. armandii seedlings, D. septosporum acervuli were observed in 43 infected needles of ten seedlings with a mean disease severity of 1.11% at 25 weeks after inoculations, demonstrating the potential of D. septosporum to cause symptoms on the needles of P. armandii via artificial inoculation. The disease severity of P. armandii was similar to the positive control, Pinus nigra (median 0.75 for P. armandii to 0.70 for P. nigra), thus, P. armandii acts under artificial conditions as a susceptible host species.     

大兴安岭火烧迹地主要目的树种的天然更新

对不同火烧方式、火烧强度、林分组成、坡向、坡位、郁闭度、土壤厚度、下木盖度、地被物盖度、林龄等条件下的样地的天然更新情况进行了调查。结果表明:地表火火烧迹地的天然更新效果好于树冠火火烧迹地;中度火烧迹地好于重度火烧迹地;发生火烧的林分比未发生火烧的林分天然更新效果好。     

基于PLC的火灾报警控制系统设计

随着我国社会经济的飞速发展,在石油生产装置建设的过程中,由于其规模数量巨大,所以易燃易爆化学产品引发火灾事件屡屡发生。所以需要对自动报警系统进行严格的管控,从而保证化工生产装置的安全性。因此,针对由PCL做核心控制器的火灾报警系统自动化做出描述,并与消防系统联动控制的同时对其组成部分工作原理及相关工作进行了详细介绍。     

贵州草海表层沉积物重金属污染特征与源解析

为探明草海沉积物中重金属的污染水平和来源,将沉积物重金属与贵州表生沉积物地球化学背景值进行比较,阐述重金属沉积特征,以生物效应浓度为参考,评价重金属对水生生物的危害性;利用主成分分析法（PCA）、正定矩阵因子分析法（PMF）两种模型解析重金属污染源。结果显示,沉积物中只有Cu、Cr平均含量未超过背景值,Cd、Zn、Hg、As、Pb相对背景值的超标率分别为100%、95.23%、92.86%、83.33%、66.67%,Cu、Cr的含量大多低于效应浓度低值（ERL）,部分样本的Cd、Hg、Zn含量大于效应浓度中值（ERM）限值范围;两种模型均识别出4种污染源,分别为地表径流源占13.31%,人为活动源占45.13%,地质背景源占38.32%,大气沉降源占3.24%。研究表明,两种模型解析的污染源均可得到很好的表达,说明沉积物中重金属来源明确,在制定污染防治措施时应重视人为活动的影响。     

Comparing fire spread algorithms using equivalence testing and neutral landscape models

We demonstrate a method to evaluate the degree to which a meta-model approximates spatial disturbance processes represented by a more detailed model across a range of landscape conditions, using neutral landscapes and equivalence testing. We illustrate this approach by comparing burn patterns produced by a relatively simple fire spread algorithm with those generated by a more detailed fire behavior model from which the simpler algorithm was derived. Equivalence testing allows objective comparisons of the output of simple and complex models, to determine if the results are significantly similar. Neutral landscape models represent a range of landscape conditions that the model may encounter, allowing evaluation of the sensitivity and behavior of the model to different landscape compositions and configurations. We first tested the model for universal applicability, then narrowed the testing to assess the practical domain of applicability. As a whole, the calibrated simple model passed the test for significant equivalence using the 25% threshold. When applied to a range of landscape conditions different from the calibration scenarios, the model failed the tests for equivalence. Although our particular model failed the tests, the neutral landscape models were helpful in determining an appropriate domain of applicability and in assessing the model sensitivity to landscape changes. Equivalence testing provides an effective method for model comparison, and coupled with neutral landscapes, our approach provides an objective way to assess the domain of applicability of a spatial model.     

斑节对虾体长与中肠腺细胞数相关性研究

通过现场测定养殖日龄为１６～１８ｄ的斑节对虾的体长、体重和全长,并应用石蜡切片技术对被测虾的中肠腺中部进行细胞计数,研究了斑节对虾体长与中肠腺细胞数的相关性。结果表明,对虾体长与中肠腺中部每个高倍视野的平均细胞数呈密切负相关（ｒ＝－０．９４７）,公式为：Ｃ＝３３０．３６２３２３ｅ－０．０８７３８４Ｌ。对虾体长与体重密切相关（ｒ＝０．９４８）,可用对数回归方程描述：ｌｇＷ＝－１．９２３５７８＋３．０８２８３２ｌｇＬ。对虾体长与全长密切相关（ｒ＝０．９９５）,其线性回归方程为：Ｙ＝－０．１８７１３７＋１．３１６７０５Ｘ。通过这些公式,中肠腺中部每个高倍视野的平均细胞数可由体长直接推算出或由体重和全长间接算出,使斑节对虾杆状病毒感染度的计算更加简单和准确。     

Quantitative studies on the relationship between plowing into soil of clubbed roots of preceding crops caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae and disease severity in succeeding crops

The effect of the plowing of clubbed roots of cracifers on the population of Plasmodiophora brassicae in soil was quantitatively studied by measuring the number of resting spores produced in the diseased plants. Though the mean number of resting spores per diseased plant increased with the increase of the disease severity, it remained almost identical for the disease severity classified into category 3 among host species and cultivars tested. Mean number of resting spores per diseased plant ranged from 9.3 to 10.9 (log) regardless of the value of the disease index. When the number of resting spores in soil was calculated based on these data and plant cultivation methods, the values were equivalent to 4.8-6.4 resting spores g^-1soil (log)where clubroot disease occurred severely. The value of the disease index of Chinese cabbage plants grown in the pots where clubbed roots of initially grown plants had been plowed into soil (plowing plot) was higher than that in the pots where no plants had been grown (control plot) and where the clubbed roots of initial plants had been removed (removal plot). Though the number of resting spores of P. brassicae in soil decreased by 14% of the inocoKum concentration immediately after the inoculation, the number of spores after the first cultivation in the removal plot was similar to that in the control plot. On the other hand, the number of resting spores in the plowing plot increased significantly compared with that in the control plot. The plowing of clubbed roots into soil resulted in the increase of the population of P. brassicae and disease severity of clubroot in subsequent cultivation in the field. The results corresponded to the values estimated based on the number of resting spores in soil in relation to each value of the disease index.     

杉木火力楠混交林林内火环境的初步研究

采用常规方法,分别于1987.9.24和1988.9.24两次对福建省尤溪县林业科学研究所西坑试验点6年生杉木火力楠混交林的火环境进行定位观测,结果表明:混交林的日均相对湿度、凋落叶的含水量、土层0～40cm土壤含水量分别比杉木纯林高3％、22.27％和4.41％,混交林内日均光照强度仅为杉木纯林的55％,林内日均气温比杉木纯林低0.5℃。因此,杉木火力楠混交林在一定程度上降低了林分的燃烧性。     

三种木材阻燃剂对木材吸湿性及尺寸稳定性影响的比较研究

以红松和紫椴为试材。通过ＦＲＷ,磷酸二氢铵－硼酸（ＭＡＰ－Ｈ３ＢＯ３）,ＦＲ－１三种阻燃剂处理木材。比较分析了三种木材阻燃剂对木材吸湿性及尺寸稳定性的影响。结果表明：ＦＲＷ与ＦＲ－１相近,对木材吸湿性,尺寸稳定性负面影响。