河北省转基因抗虫棉花品种纤维品质分析

从2004年开始河北省棉花品种审定进入了除短季棉品种之外全部为转基因抗虫棉品种的新阶段,5年间共审定转基因抗虫棉花品种65个,本研究对其纤维品质性状进行了分析。结果表明:上半部平均长度集中在27.1~32.7 mm,86.2%品种属于Ⅱ型;比强度集中在24.6~32.0 cN/tex,53.85%品种属于Ⅲ型,没有Ⅰ型品种,20%品种低于Ⅲ型;马克隆值集中在3.6~5.3,13.84%品种属于Ⅰ型,83.08%品种属于Ⅱ型。2004-2007年,纤维品质逐年变好,但由于2007年吐絮期长时间降雨,造成2008年纤维品质出现了下滑。总的说来,我省转基因抗虫棉品种没有上半部平均长度≥31 mm,比强度≥34 cN/tex,马克隆值在3.7~4.2的综合表现Ⅰ型的品种,主要表现在比强度没有Ⅰ型品种,因而,我们的应该加强培育高比强的棉花新品种。     

利用微米木纤维定向重组技术形成超高强度纤维板的细胞裂解理论研究

采用人造板微观力学和木材细胞学理论，提出了一种利用定向重组微米木纤维技术形成超高强度人造板的细胞裂解理论和强度参数预测方法。应用提出的理论，可以根据纤维、木质素、细胞直径和排列的程度，建立理想状态下微米重组高强度定向纤维板木纤维细胞在定向重组微米技术形成超高强度人造板的细胞裂解理论，为人造板力学运用数学手段深入到细胞结构研究的深度提供了一种新的理论和方法。     

火炬松材性变异规律的初步研究

对生长于广西南宁地区相同环境下来自美国的１８个种源１０年生火炬松的材性进行了研究。包括：材笥的种源变异。材性的地理变异模式及其与原产地气候因子的相互关系，材性因子间及其与生长因子、形态因子的相关分析。     

鹅掌楸种源材性遗传变异与选择

在鹅掌楸两个种及其杂种多地点７年生种源试验林中,随机抽取３块试验林共２８２株样本,分别遗行木材基本密度（ＢＤ）和纤维长度（ＦＬ）的测定分析,在分布型拟合与精度分析的基础上,进行一般线性方差模型分析,结果为：中国鹅掌楸种源间ＢＤ和ＦＬ均差异显著（a=0.05),５个北美鹅掌楸种源间ＢＤ和ＦＬ未达到显著差异,地点间差异及种源与地点的交互作用不显著,平均值Ｔ检测表明中国掌楸与北美鹅掌楸两种间ＢＤ和ＦＬ均不存在显著差异,鹅掌楸的ＢＤ总均值为0.397g/cm^3,ＦＬ总均值达１.603mm,属于中小密度,长纤维或近长纤维树种,差异分析揭示了种内差异是掌释属的主要变异来源,种内种源间存在选择的遗传基础,性状遗传相关分析认为,鹅掌楸ＢＤ和ＦＬ之间相互不密切（r=0.157),两本材料状与各生长因子间相关亦不密切,说明他们之间基因连锁不紧密,可独立选择。BD种源广义遗传力为H^2BD=0.65,受遗传控制较强,ＦＬ为Ｈ^FL=0.29,受遗传控制中偏弱,两性状年－年间遗传相关密切,在上述分析结果的基础上方３种标准进行了鹅掌楸属材料种源选择,其中,在“强度选择”条件下,选出ＢＤ优良的种源为庐山和桑植,ＦＬ优良的种源为浏阳和赣武夷,均为中国掌楸种源,北美种源虽然与中国种源在总体上不存在明显差异,但多数处于中等水平上,对照杂种夫性系ＢＤ和ＦＬ的均超过鹅掌楸性状总均值,但未超过最好的种源。     

Genetic Relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula Using AFLP Markers

Genetic relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula were studied by using AFLP markers. 18 accessions representing 14 cultivars ofPrunus murne var. pendula were selected from the germplasm collection at the Research Center of China Mci Flower. Seven Mse I-EcoR I AFLP primer combinations revealed 450 legible bands, and 269 of which were polymorphic markers. A similarity matrix was prepared using the simple matching coefficient of similarity and Nei‘s (72) distance coefficient. A UPGMA dendrogram demonstrated the genetic relationships of the cultivars. The information given by AFLP markers was basically consistent with the morphological classification and the evolutionary history of the morphotypes, and roughly supported the new revised classification system for Chinese Mci Cultivars. But there were still several exceptions: 1) the ‘Guhong Chuizhi‘ inserted between the ‘Tiaoxue Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Danfen Chuizhi‘; 2) the ‘Wufu Chuizhi‘ kept off the Pink Pendant Form, and the ‘Moshan Chuizhi‘ was removed from Viridiflora Pendant Form; 3) the ‘Danbi Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Shuangbi Chuizhi‘ of Viridiflora Pendant Form got together well but fell within the Pink Pendant Form.     

Promoting old-growth characteristics and long-term wood production in Douglas-fir forests

Trade-offs among wood production, wood quality and ecological characteristics in the management of harvested forest stands are explored through model simulation of various silvicultural regimes. Long-term production of merchantable wood, production of various types of high-quality wood, and the level of certain quantitative ecological indicators are projected for coniferous forests of Pacific Northwestern USA. The set of ecological indicators used is based on the species composition and physical structure of old, unlogged forest stands. Simulations are performed with an ecological model of forest stand dynamics that tracks the fate of live and dead trees. Short rotations (<50 years) produce the least amount of high-quality wood over the multi-century simulation period. They also fail to generate ecological attributes resembling those of old forest stands. Production of high-quality wood is moderate to high under all rotations of 80 years or more; however, most ecological indicators require longer rotations unless alternatives to clearcutting are applied. Alternatives examined include retention of 15% cover of live tree canopy at each harvest in combination with artificial thinning between harvests. Thinning from below can expedite the development of large live and dead trees, and canopy height diversity without greatly diminishing wood quantity or quality. Proportional thinning retains understory stems, thereby expediting the recruitment of shade-tolerant trees. A possible drawback to thinning, particularly proportional thinning, is the diminished production of clean-bole wood at rotations of 150 and 260 years. It is concluded that most wood quantity, wood quality and ecological objectives can be met with long rotations (ca. 260 years). Certain objectives can be met with shorter rotations (80–150 years) when treatments of thinning and canopy tree retention are applied.     

闽南山地桉树纤维材优良无性系的选择研究

对福建漳州岩溪、天马 2个试验点 1 3个桉树纤维材无性系的生长性状、木材纤维形态和化学组分等性能进行测定与分析 ,并经多性状综合评判 ,选择出具有较高的生长量、生物量和纤维产量 ,适合闽南山地发展的C9、C1 0、EC1、EC3、C6共 5个纤维材优良无性系 ,其中尤以C9、C1 0、EC1三个无性系的各性状为最优。这 5个无性系 ,3a生年平均树高和胸径生长量、每株干材重量和纤维产量分别可达 3 93～ 6 60m、3 83～ 4 97cm ,9 71～ 2 0 48kg·a- 1 和 4 3 6～ 9 5 2kg·a- 1 ,而且木材纤维形态和化学组成等特性良好 ,可进一步扩大繁殖、推广应用。     

纤维性质对成纸性能的影响

对纤维的三个基本性质－长度、强度和粗度对纸性的影响进行了综述，着重讨论了对强度性质的影响。     

海南岛柚木的木材性质

１１—１３龄柚木２０株，１７—１９龄７株，取自海南岛尖峰岭，用以研究木材比重及纤维长度的某些特性及测定标准物理力学性质。以胸高圆盘加权平均数为单元，比重０．４６６—０．５８８，平均０．５１６：纤维长度０．８７８—１．２３０ｍｍ，平均１．０６３ｍｍ。生长轮宽度与比重及纤维长度之间表现弱的负相关。第１轮和第９轮的材性存在显著的相关关系。材性在标地间的差异不显著，标地内株间的差异很显著。径向变异：髓心附近几轮的纤维长度和比重均增长很快，第８轮以后，前者增长缓慢，后者多起伏。轴向变异：１．心部系列（髓心向外６生长轮）第１轮纤维长度的轴向变异很小，其外几轮的纤维长度缓慢向上减轻或有起伏；基部各生长轮的比重很大，向上急剧减小至１．３ｍ高度，此后各生长轮的变化不一致。２．边部系列（树皮向内６生长轮）纤维长度和比重均很快向上减小。讨论了影响纤维长度轴向变异的主要因素。提出标准物理力学性质的试验结果。