How do humans value urban nature? Developing the perceived biophilic design scale (PBDs) for preference and emotion

With the growth of urbanization and the increasingly hectic pace of life, exposure to urban nature within blue-green infrastructure is greatly impacting human health and well-being. Biophilia, an evolutional concept, conveys the initial connection between humans and nature; biophilic design transfers into design attributes to indicate the relationship between humans and the environment. A significant advantage of experiencing nature is positive restoration; however, only limited research has been conducted on connecting biophilic design and mental health. This study adopted our perceived biophilic design items (PBDi) to examine the relationship between landscape preferences and emotional states in urban green spaces. Online surveys (valid total n = 477) examining these biophilic items, landscape preferences, and emotional states were conducted. Seven aspects—(1) evolved human–nature relationships, (2) place-based relationships, (3) visual aesthetic quality, (4) state of natural change, (5) environmental perception, (6) sense of compatibility in the built environment, and (7) natural form of design method —were confirmed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), with 64.35 % of the cumulative variance, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated good convergent validity and discriminant validity. The overall perceived biophilic design scale (PBDs) with 28 items had a Cronbach’s α of 0.91. In addition, it was found that PBDs significantly explained landscape preferences and positive emotional states within urban nature. The findings provide an alternative tool for measuring human biophilic perceptions that influence environmental experiences. In addition, each item in the scale could be used as a biophilic guideline for designers and planners to reinterpret nature in cities and to enhance our connection to nature in general.     

不同饲料对粘虫繁殖力的影响

[目的]研究不同饲料对粘虫繁殖力的影响,以选择适宜的粘虫饲料。[方法]采用不同饲料饲养粘虫幼虫,对粘虫繁殖力进行分析。[结果]表明,不同饲料对粘虫个体重量、繁殖力、死亡率影响较大,以玉米苗饲养粘虫效果最优,粘虫化蛹率为91.71%,产卵量为611.49粒/只,卵孵化率为66.38%,其次是墨西哥玉米草,粘虫幼虫重量为0.329g/头,羽化率为93.83%。人工饲料生产成本最高,墨西哥玉米草生产成本最低,比人工饲料降低成本52.76%。[结论]墨西哥玉米草最适合用作规模化饲养粘虫。