烟蚜茧蜂生殖特性研究

烟蚜茧蜂雌蜂羽化后即可产卵,每头雌蜂一生平均产卵417.9粒(297～568粒),雌蜂寿命9天(6～12天),日平均产卵47.5粒(35.9～79.1粒),羽化后第三天为产卵高峰期,五天之内可以产出一生卵量的73%.该蜂在羽化后第一天(从早8点到晚8点)均衡产卵.     

膜孔灌溉条件下玉米灌溉制度试验

通过大田试验研究了膜孔灌溉条件下，不同灌溉制度对玉米土壤水分动态、产量及其指标以及水分利用的影响。研究表明：灌溉定额4500m3/hm2时与灌溉定额为5400 m3/hm2的产量相近，但前者的水分利用效率却明显高于后者，灌溉定额为3600 m3/hm2时，虽产量明显低于前两者，但其水分利用效率最高2.7273kg/m3，故最节水。在当地灌溉定额为4500m3 m3/hm2.、灌水四次的灌溉制度经济效益最优。且在相同的灌溉制度下膜孔灌溉与不覆膜对照相比，具有明显的增产效果和较高的水分利用率。     

车辆质量参数对最佳换挡点的影响

利用解析法求解了不同质量参数条件下的车辆动态三参数换挡规律，并从理论上分析了产生车辆最佳换挡点差异的动力学基础，指出自动变速系统换挡规律应能够自动适应车辆使用条件的变化，并提出将质量参数作为换挡控制参数。     

Is there a benefit from an early booster vaccination in the control of equine influenza?

Conventional equine influenza vaccination schedules consist of a primary course of two vaccinations given 4-6 weeks apart followed by a third vaccination (booster) given approximately 5 months later. In between the primary course and the third vaccination, horses are generally considered not to be adequately protected against influenza. This study aimed to investigate whether Thoroughbred foals would benefit from a vaccination schedule in which the third vaccination was given earlier than in conventional vaccination schedules. The vaccines used were an inactivated whole virus equine influenza vaccine and an inactivated whole virus combination vaccine containing equine influenza and equine herpesvirus antigens. Four groups of foals were vaccinated with the two vaccines according to a conventional and an accelerated vaccination schedule in which the third vaccination was given 14 weeks after the first administration. In both groups, the fourth vaccination was given at the normally recommended interval of 26 weeks after the third vaccination for the combination vaccine and 52 weeks after the third vaccination with the influenza only vaccine. The horses were 4-11 months of age and seronegative for influenza. Immunological responses after vaccination were monitored for several months using the single radial haemolysis test. The results indicated that 28 weeks after the first vaccination, antibody levels in horses vaccinated according to the accelerated schedule were not significantly higher than in horses vaccinated according to the conventional schedule. In addition, the total level of antibody production (area under the curve) was not significantly different at that point although antibody titres were slightly higher (but not significantly so) between 16-30 weeks in the accelerated schedule. Between the third and fourth doses, horses vaccinated according to the accelerated schedule had antibodies against influenza below the level required for clinical protection for 39 and 18 weeks for the influenza only and the combination vaccine, respectively, whereas those vaccinated according to the conventional schedule had antibody titres below the level for clinical protection for 9-15 weeks in the corresponding period for both vaccines. Horses vaccinated according to the accelerated schedule with the combination vaccine had lower antibody titres after the fourth vaccination than those vaccinated according to the conventional schedule after the third vaccination, although antibody titres prior to vaccination were similar. For the influenza only vaccine, titres after the accelerated fourth administration were not different to those after the conventional third vaccination. There was no benefit from early booster vaccinations with the vaccines used in this study, so for these vaccines the conventional schedule provided better protection than the selected accelerated alternative. This may contrast with some other vaccine formulations, although a direct comparison using similar protocols has not been made.     

Do strain differences in microalgae alter their relative quality as a food for the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis?

Brachionus plicatilis is used in aquaculture to feed larval fish and crustaceans. It is well established that different prey species alter rotifer productivity. Isochrysis galbana is one microalgal prey that is commonly fed to rotifers, and there are several strains of this flagellate available to aquaculturists. As microalgae strains may differ in their composition and growth attributes, we rigorously examined if growth and biochemical differences in I. galbana strains elicit differences in the growth and biochemical attributes of B. plicatilis. Four I. galbana strains and one strain of the flagellate Nanochloropsis were grown under standard conditions. Growth rate, cell volume, production, and composition (dry weight, carbohydrate, protein, lipid) were measured. Significant differences occurred between strains in all of these attributes (at times 2 to 3 fold), but no clear pattern emerged that one strain was superior. Of note was that for some measurements, strain differences were significantly greater than differences between species. The strains were then fed to rotifers, and a number of parameters were measured: growth rate, reproductive rate, fecundity attributes, a number of developmental rates, and composition (dry weight, carbohydrate, protein, lipid). There were significant effects of prey strain on some of these attributes, but none was dramatic (rarely more than 10% and occasionally up to 30%), suggesting that aquaculturists need not be too concerned regarding which I. galbana strain they use. However, we do indicate subtle differences, induced by different prey strains and suggest that for maximum productivity these differences should be considered.     

On plasma volume measurement and the effect of experimental stress in the themale tilapia,Oreochromis mossambicus,maintained in fresh water

Plasma volumes in male tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) of different size were estimated following intracardial injection of radioiodinated human serum albumin (¹²⁵I-HSA), coupled with short-term, early sampling transient response analysis of 1251-HSA disappearance from the plasma pool. This approach circumvents vascular marker leakage problems associated with constant steady state indicator dilution methods, minimizes some sampling and mixing problems, and simplifies analysis of the data. Changes in hematological parameters due to experimental stress were also studied, because the fish were not chronically cannulated. Results were used in a novel way to correct estimates of plasma volume upward by 15%, thereby providing a potentially useful alternative approach to vascular volume measurement in species where stress-eliminating or reducing techniques, e.g., cannulation, are impractical or infeasible. Hematrocrits increased 38% at the onset, from 24.9% to 34.4%, and remained essentially constant during the 60 minute kinetic study, and plasma osmolalities increased 7%. Corrected plasma volumes V_p (ml) were a linear function of body weight (BW). The group mean V_p was 2.93% of BW and corresponding blood volumes were 3.9% of BW.     

Stripping Fecundity of Common Bream (Abramis brama L.) from the Rivers Trent and Sow (Nottinghamshire, UK)

Results obtained with common bream (Abramis brama) originating from the rivers Trent and Sow (Great Britain) are presented with particular attention to the egg size and absolute and relative fecundity recorded during stripping of hormonally (pituitary extract) treated females. The average number of eggs obtained by stripping 1 kg of female biomass (RSF) from the river Sow and Trent were 93,642 ± 20,896 and 151,179 ± 25,123, respectively. These values were similar to the respective parameters in bream populations from north-western USSR lakes.     

高毒效杀蚜球孢白僵菌菌株筛选

试验研究球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana4菌株“Bb7001”、“Bb7004”、“Bb8001”、“Bb4014”在21℃下对桃蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)的侵染致病力及对桃蚜生殖力和种群参数的影响,结果表明:在21℃下,球孢白僵菌对桃蚜的侵染致病力和对其生殖力及种群参数的影响在总体上基本一致,但三者在4菌株间也有一定差异,强弱依次为“Bb7001”>“Bb7004”>“Bb4014”>“Bb8001”;桃蚜接种不同浓度4菌株后在第3~5d达到死亡高峰期,lgLC50分别为3.67、4.34,4.52和4.48;接种球孢白僵菌4菌株106(孢子)/mL后,桃蚜成蚜的生殖力在第3d均与对照组桃蚜生殖力有显著差异,10d内日均产仔与对照蚜相比下降30.06%~50.00%;球孢白僵菌4菌株对桃蚜净生殖力有极显著降低作用,对内禀增长力也有一定的降低作用,接种4菌株后桃蚜净生殖力下降61.90%~72.73%,内禀增长力降低13.04%~41.58%,但对世代历期几乎没有影响。菌株“Bb7001”显示了较高的杀蚜毒效,可考虑作为防治桃蚜的首选菌株进行开发。     

滇产黄毛青冈木材干燥特性的研究

鉴于百度试验法时木材干燥特性研究的不全面性,首先利用百度试验法开展了滇产黄毛青冈材干燥特性的初步研究,提出了预报干燥基础,再据此以地板坯料为干燥对象开展干燥工艺的试验研究,以全面归纳分析黄毛青网材的干燥特性。百度法研究表明：黄毛青冈材的初期开裂为4级,内裂为5级,截面变形1—3级,干燥速度为1-2级。地板料干燥工艺研究表明：采用研究提出的预报基准,23mm厚黄毛青冈地板坯料从初含水率52．3％干燥到12．9％,干燥周期为492h,但干燥质量达不到国家标准中对地板料干燥质量的要求,严重变形和过高的含水率偏差是此中主要原因。综合评定后认为,黄毛青冈属难干材,文中还就其干燥工艺的优化提出了建议。