中药柴胡与其伪品的红外鉴别

目的采用红外指纹图谱方法,对目前医药市场上中药材柴胡的真伪进行鉴别．方法应用红外标准图谱的方法,将我们测得的红外标准图谱与全国10个城市购买的柴胡样品以及柴胡伪品的红外图谱进行相似度对比．结果柴胡红外标准图谱与样品图谱相似度极高,与伪品相似度较低．结论采用红外图谱的方法对柴胡进行质量控制是可行的．     

近红外光谱法对茶叶中游离氨基酸含量的快速测定

为建立一种快速检测茶叶中游离氨基酸含量的方法,应用近红外光谱分析技术对贵州省不同产地的162个绿茶样品中的游离氨基酸含量进行检测,并结合偏最小二乘法(PLS),建立茶叶中氨基酸含量的预测模型。结果表明:通过标准归一化(SNV)光谱预处理,光谱范围选择6 657.74～6 178.16、5 793.11～5 688.98、4 493.33～4 350.62cm-1,主因子数为11,得到模型的内部交互验证相关系数(R)为0.981 56,交互验证均方差(RMSECV)为0.501;模型的预测值与实测值的相关系数为0.998,预测均方差(RMSEP)为0.312,稳定性试验得到的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于0.4%。综合分析,傅里叶变换红外光谱法与化学计量学方法相结合可以实现茶叶游离氨基酸的快速检测,满足检测要求。     

近红外透射光谱技术测定黍稷蛋白含量的研究(英文)

[目的]探索快速测定完整黍稷籽粒蛋白含量的方法。[方法]采用近红外光谱分析技术建立数学模型并进行预测,比较原始透射光谱经导数处理结合不同回归算法对模型的影响。[结果]分别经一阶和二阶导数处理后利用偏小二乘法和改进的偏小二乘法,4 种方法的分析效果相近,最优的是一阶导数结合改进的偏最小二乘回归法,黍稷蛋白定标模型的定标相关系数(RSQ)为0.880 6,定标标准误差(SEC)为0.342 4,交互定标标准误差(SECV)为 0.375 1,外部预测标准误差(SEP)为 0.454。[结论]以完整黍稷籽粒为样品所建立的蛋白 NITS 模型,可以用于黍稷蛋白含量的快速检测。     

近红外分析技术在烟叶数字化烘烤过程中的研究与应用

研究近红外光谱分析仪在烟叶烘烤过程中的具体应用,应用近红外技术对烟叶烘烤进行实时监测,并提出烘烤专家意见,优化工艺曲线,降低烤坏烟叶比例,适合于大中型烟叶烘烤工场应用.项目实现了烟叶烘烤的数字化,且应用过程中体现出快速检测、样品完整、重现性好的特点.通过中央控制系统将专家写入计算机,能对烘烤过程中的烤房进行有效控制,从而达到减工、降本、提质、增效的目的.     

中草药大黄小波变换的近红外光谱聚类分析

采用小波变换技术对近红外光谱压缩,减少训练时间,并以聚类法定性,以鉴别不同产地的大黄(Rheum palmatum L.).该方法可有效鉴别不同产地的大黄,与传统鉴别结果基本一致.结果表明,近红外漫反射光谱法作为一种快速简便的分析技术,可用于大黄等中草药的质量控制,为大黄的生药鉴定提供参考.     

Soil Properties Degradation Assessment Using Infrared Scanning Technique of Soils （Case Study： Eastern of Congo）

Recently, near infrared reflectance （NIR） and mid-infrared （MIR） spectroscopy techniques are increasingly introduced as convenient and simple non-destructive techniques for quantifying several soil properties. This study uses MIR method to predict pH, soil organic C, total N, AI, Ca, Mg and K, CEC and soil texture for soil samples collected in Sud-Kivu, Congo. A total of 536 composite soil samples were taken from two locations （Burhale and Luhihi） at two depths （0-20 cm and 20-40 cm） using a spatially-stratified random sampling design within an area of 200 km2. Differences in characteristics were evaluated between the two locations, land use （cultivated vs. non-cultivated land） with soil depths. A random subset of the samples （10%） were analyzed using standard wet chemistry methods, and calibration models developed by MIR data to estimate soil properties for the full soil sample set. Partial least squares regression （PLS） method gave acceptable coefficients of determination between 0.71 and 0.93 for all parameters. Soil organic matter levels were higher in cultivated plots in Luhihi （3.9% C） than in Burhale （3.0% C）, suggesting lower levels of soil fertility in the later area. This indicates high levels of acidity, which are likely to limit crop production in the area. Phosphorus deficiency is acute in Burhale （2.4 mg P/kg） but less in Luhihi （5.4 mg P/kg）. In both locations, low levels of Ca and Mg indicate that soils may be susceptible to deficiencies in both elements.These findings provide new opportunities for monitoring soil quality in the region which can benefit multiple actors and scientists involved in the agricultural and environmental sectors.     

Forest fragmentation in Loudoun County,Virginia, USA evaluated with multitemporal Landsat imagery

In order to study forest fragmentation in the Virginia, USA Piedmont, a series of Landsat images from 1973, 1987, and 1999 covering a rapidly developing area (Loudoun County) was used to classify forest from non-forest. The classified images were analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of fragmentation, and to relate these patterns to infrared radiance provided by Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) band 6. The analysis was concentrated on eleven major watersheds of Loudoun County. The relationship between urbanized area per watershed and mean fragment size showed a strong negative decay form (r ²=0.757, p<0.0001). Analysis of four landscape metrics showed increasing fragmentation of forest cover, particularly from 1987 to 1999, as well as an increase in forest edge and shape complexity. Of the landscape metrics used, the perimeter-to-area (P/A) ratio showed the strongest relationship with mean radiance of forest patches. In addition, there was a negative, linear relationship between distance from major roads and band 6 radiance of forested pixels. Overall, the study shows that landscape metrics can convey meaningful information on biophysical changes associated with forest fragmentation at broad scales. These changes suggest that ambient temperature increases associated with urban sprawl may have important, long-term implications for ecophysiological processes.     

激光光致发光光谱分析系统的设计及应用

在微区紫外-可见阴极荧光分析系统成功研制的基础上,采用532nm固体激光器作为激发源研制了一套计算机自动控制的微区光致发光分析系统。该系统不仅可探测可见波段的激光光致荧光,并且将荧光的研究波段扩展至红外区域。对来自于不同地区金刚石样品的900～1010nm波段红外光致发光光谱进行探测,结果发现不同样品在946nm、957nm左右2个宽峰处呈现不同光谱特征,能有效地对样品的生长条件和受外界影响等因素进行分析和研究。该分析系统能在更宽的波段上获取更多更新的样品内在信息,为样品的测试提供了一种有效方法。     

一种快速测定棕榈藤材材质特性的近红外光谱分析法

分析了棕榈藤生物质材料特点与近红外光谱关系；阐述了近红外光谱分析技术可以快速准确地预测棕榈藤材的材质特性，并详细介绍了其中包括藤材的选择及加工、藤材近红外光谱采集、藤材材性真值测量、多变量数据分析与模型建立的实验方法与操作步骤。     

竹炭性能的研究进展

文章主要根据目前国内的竹炭研究进展的状况．综述了竹炭吸附性能、竹炭导电性能、竹炭改良土壤的性能、竹炭的负离子功效和竹炭的远红外功效的研究进展。