Effects of acquiring FSC forest management certification for Japanese enterprises using SmartWood Audits

We explore the organizational, environmental, and economic effects of sustainable forest management (FM) certification by Smart-Wood (SW), one of the certification bodies accredited by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) to carry out certification in Japan. We closely investigated three enterprises: the Yusuhara Forest Owners’ Cooperative, Yamanashi Prefectural Forest, and Ryujin-mura Forest Owners’ Cooperative. Interviews with representatives of these entities provided crucial empirical information regarding the influence of certification on environmental assessment, rare-species protection, landscape-management planning, management objectives, and forest supervision. Attainment of FM status improved environmental awareness and engendered positive changes in assessing and managing forests and other natural resources but simultaneously imposed heavier economic costs.     

浅析森林认证对我国木地板出口企业的影响及对策

介绍了森林认证的现状,分析了开展森林认证对我国木地板出口企业的影响,指出了开展森林认证面临的问题,提出木地板出口企业自己建立木材原料基地、采用多种方式解决森林认证费用问题、市场调节与政策调节并举、健全我国木地板市场、保证交易规范等推动我国森林认证发展的建议。     

Brucellosis: a short review of the disease situation in Paraguay

A short review of the brucellosis situation, its control and eradication programs are presented. Data from over 1.2 milliom samples collected from more than 50,718 groups of cattle over a period of over 20 years (1979–2000) illustrates that over the last few years the number of individual reactors remain constant at around 3–4%. The percentage of reactive groups of animals decreased over these years, reflecting a better disease management and possibly an improved general education, handling of information on the immune (vaccination) status of animals and testing practices. Reported zoonotic cases are presented, as well as control and eradication programs, including utilization of vaccines.     

森林认证对林产品贸易的影响

森林认证在森林经营政策方面扮演了一个重要的补充角色并对林产品贸易起到了极其重要的影响。在短短的10余年间,森林认证已得到许多国家政府和林业部门的关注和认可。森林认证工作在中国刚刚起步,我们应该让更多的人了解森林认证并推动该项工作的发展。本文分析了森林认证对世界林产品贸易的影响,包括认证进出口国的利益、贸易流向、企业竞争、以及人们对认证林产品的需求,论述了森林认证对中国林产品贸易的影响,提出了森林认证对中国森林经营和林产品贸易的影响是机遇与挑战并存。参8。     

迎春林业局非木质林产品经营认证审核与实践

黑龙江省迎春林业局非木质林产品资源丰富,是我国首批非木质林产品经营认证试点单位。依据GB／T 18951－2012《中国森林认证生产经营》与《中国森林认证非木质林产品生产经营》（征求意见稿）,对其开展非木质林产品经营认证审核。一年来,迎春林业局在社会、经济、环境方面都取得了较好成效。本文总结在了迎春林业局开展非木质林产品经营认证试点中取得的经验,提出需采取的措施。     

Poor regulatory capacity limits the ability of science to influence the management of mahogany

Decades of research have had virtually no impact on harvesting rates or harvesting practices for mahogany (Swietenia spp.), among the most valuable timber species of Latin America. Despite the existence of science-based regulations, mahogany is rapidly and often illegally harvested to the point where its density is so depleted that logging is no longer commercially viable. The lack of influence of science on forest management is not a result of scientific deficiency; rather, it is a political and economic failure to implement existing forest management policies. Until political will and regulatory capacity for enforcement exist or until buyers insist on meaningful verification that shipments were legally obtained, there is little incentive for reform and policies regulating the use of mahogany will not be implemented. Thus, under present conditions, there is little opportunity for science to influence the fate of mahogany. The case study of mahogany provides an excellent example not only of the difficulty for research to inform forest management, but also of demonstrating the key elements necessary for effective implementation of any forest policy.     

中国有机农业发展现状与有机产品认证

综述了世界有机农业的发展起源及中国有机农业的现状,就中国有机农业发展的瓶颈问题进行了探讨,明确有机农业应该与有机认证分别对待,有机农业关注的是农业和生态,有机认证关注的落脚点是产品,对中国有机产品认证进行了简单描述,并就人们所关注的有机产品的安全营养做了进一步论述。     

Why Brazilian companies are certifying their forests?

The paper examines the two forest certification schemes in Brazil, the Brazilian Program of Forest Certification (Cerflor) and the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), from the private sector perspective. The main focus is to test the relevance of three mechanisms—market, learning, and signaling—suggested by Overdevest and Rickenbach (2006), to explain forest certification adoption by Brazilian companies. Furthermore, companies' familiarity with certification systems, external influences on pursuing forest certification, and companies' intention to recertify their forests are investigated. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) suggests that signaling and learning mechanisms lead to better and more transparent forest management, explaining the movement towards certification, but market incentives do not play an important role in the adoption of forest certification. An importance and performance analysis (IPA) demonstrates that companies do not see any return in terms of a better price for certified products; however, certificate holders indicated overall high satisfaction with market access. Interestingly, a high performance was found for non-economic benefits such as public confidence, improvement of forest management and practices, improvement of management systems and performance, self-discovery of non-conformance, and better public, landowner, and supplier communication. International consumers and shareholders were considered the most important groups influencing companies to seek certification and FSC was reported to be the most familiar scheme. Generally, companies were pleased with certification and indicated their intention to recertify.     

云南省国外引种牧草、草坪病害研究Ⅱ、禾本科牧草、草坪真菌病害

 报道云南省禾本科牧草和草坪29种植物上46种真菌病害,其中:国内新记录4种,省内新记录15种,省内已知种新分布27种.危害普遍严重者如:黑麦草麦角病Clariceps purpurea,黑麦草根腐病Drechslera sorkiniana,臂形草全蚀病Gaeumamomyces graminis,黑麦草冠锈病Pucinia corona var.loli,牛筋草梭斑病Pyricularia grisea等.