长江1号苇状羊茅选育报告

以四川省20世纪80年代所进行牧草引种试验的苇状羊茅材料存留株为原始群体,采用单株混合选择法,经10多年的选育,育成新品种长江1号苇状羊茅。该牧草青绿期长、耐热、抗旱、耐瘠薄,耐伏旱高温;种子成熟期集中,种子产量高于对照品种Fawn苇状羊茅40%左右,干物质产量比对照提高10%以上,适应我国长江中下游低山、丘陵等地区种植,是建立人工草地、改良天然草场和生态建设的优良牧草。     

Aflatoxin B<Subscript>1</Subscript> Binding to Sorbents in Bovine Ruminal Fluid

A recent approach to the problem of contamination of agricultural products by aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is to add non-nutritional adsorbents to animal diets in order to sequester ingested aflatoxins. We conducted in vitro experiments to develop a rapid and cheap model using ruminal fluid to assess the ability of sorbent materials to bind AFB₁. Seven sorbents (hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate; clinoptilolite; zeolite; two types of bentonite; sepiolite; and PHIL 75), commonly added to bovine diets were incubated in water and ruminal fluid in the presence of AFB₁. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, sepiolite and one of the bentonites bound 100% of the AFB₁ in the presence of both ruminal fluid and water; clinoptilolite bound about 80% of AFB₁ in both liquids; whereas the affinities for the mycotoxin of zeolite (50%) and the other sample of bentonite (60%) in water seem to be increased by about 40% in ruminal fluid incubations. PHIL 75 had the poorest binding ability: about 30% in water and 45% in ruminal fluid. In view of the differences in toxin binding in water and ruminal fluid, it is preferable to use the ruminal fluid model for the in vitro pre-screening of sorbent materials potentially useful as adjuvants to ruminant feeds.     

抗菌肽cecropin P1的研究进展

cecropin P1是一种哺乳动物抗菌肽,对G-菌及一些G 菌有抑制杀灭作用.本文就cecropin P1的结构、抗菌机理、抗菌活性、基因工程及其应用前景做一综述.     

可定点整合的无筛选标记LacS基因表达载体的构建与鉴定

试验旨在构建一个能够定点整合且无筛选标记基因的半乳糖苷酶基因LacS表达载体.本研究以pEGFP-N1质粒为原始框架,通过PCR及限制性酶切位点在pEGFP-N1质粒的标记基因两端添加两个同向LoxP序列,在多克隆位点上游添加能够定点整合的attB序列,最后再将目的基因BC promoter-LacS-PolyA通过限制性酶切位点插入多克隆位点.每一步都进行PCR、酶切及测序鉴定.PCR产物及酶切片段大小符合预期结果,测序结果也与相应寡核苷酸序列一致,证明各个基因片段正确地连接到载体相应位置.本试验成功构建了可定点整合的无筛选标记半乳糖苷酶基因表达载体pEGFP-N1-LacS.     

Follicular dynamics and changes in oestradiol‐17β, progesterone and LH profiles following PGF2α induced oestrus in early and late ovulating Beetal goats

This study compares the factors associated with variable interval to oestrus and ovulation between early versus late ovulating goats following PGF_2α administration. The time of ovulation in Beetal goats (n = 38) was monitored through transrectal ultrasound at every 6 hr following a single dose of PGF_2α (experiment 1). Variations in oestrus and ovulation times were further explored through the changes in follicular dynamics, endocrine profiles and behaviour in another set of goats (n = 13) following single PGF_2α given randomly during the luteal phase (experiment 2). The ovulation time varied between 60 and 96 hr, and 57% of ovulations occurred by 72 hr following PGF_2α (experiment 1). Accordingly, the goats (n = 13) in the second experiment were retrospectively divided either into early and/or late ovulating, that is, ≤72 and/or ≥84 hr following PGF_2α. The onset of oestrus, peak estradiol‐17β concentration and LH surge after PGF_2α was first observed in early than late ovulating goats (p < 0.05). The goats ovulating early had larger follicle and smaller CL in diameter at the time of PGF_2α administration than those ovulating late (5.4 ± 0.2 vs. 4.3 ± 0.2 mm and 10 ± 0.6 vs. 11.8 ± 0.3 mm, respectively; p < 0.05). Likewise, plasma progesterone concentration tended to be lower (p = 0.087) in early than late ovulating goats. In conclusion, the size of dominant follicle and CL at the time of PGF_2a determines the interval to ovulation following a single dose of PGF_2a during the luteal phase.     

仔猪雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌的分离鉴定及系统进化分析

为了解猪雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌(P.rettgeri)的生物学特性、致病性及16SrRNA基因系统进化关系,从发生严重腹泻、血便的哺乳仔猪群的内脏器官中分离到1株病原菌,根据形态特征、培养特性、生化特性、16SrRNA基因序列分析鉴定为P.rettgeri。小鼠攻毒试验证实,该分离菌株对试验小鼠有较强致病力,哺乳仔猪回归试验可复制出与临床上相似的典型症状,并从发病死亡小鼠及哺乳仔猪中分离到攻毒菌株。系统进化分析表明,分离菌株与雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌系统进化关系最为密切,其16SrRNA基因序列与雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌代表菌株的同源性在97.3%~99.6%之间。药敏试验结果表明,分离菌株对头孢哌酮钠、头孢噻肟钠、头孢曲松钠、头孢唑啉、头孢呋肟、头孢吡肟、阿莫西林、链霉素、氨曲南、诺氟沙星、左氟沙星、恩诺沙星、卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素、米诺环素、链霉素、阿米卡星等多数药物敏感。首次报道了雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌可以引起哺乳仔猪严重腹泻,提示在仔猪腹泻中应注意该菌感染的诊断、监测和防控。     

绵羊多羔主效基因BMPR1B的研究进展

骨形态发生蛋白受体1B(Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B,BMPR1B)是一种重要的跨膜受体蛋白,主要参与转化生长因子β(TGF-β)通路,其在调控成骨分化、细胞扩散以及卵巢卵泡发育等过程中起重要作用,并直接影响如绵羊等动物的繁殖性状。绵羊BMPR1B基因发生A746G突变(命名为FecB突变),导致第249位氨基酸由谷氨酰胺(Q)转变为精氨酸(R),进而使得绵羊排卵数和产羔数显著增加,因此BMPR1B成为目前最受关注的绵羊多羔主效基因。论文就绵羊BMPR1B基因定位、功能机制研究进展及其对高繁殖力绵羊的影响进行了综述,同时也对BMPR1B功能研究中一些亟待解决的问题展开了讨论。     

四君子汤对脾虚大鼠空肠黏膜损伤的修复作用及机制

通过检测脾虚大鼠空肠中PCNA和IGF-1的表达,探讨四君子汤对脾虚大鼠空肠黏膜修复的影响。试验分对照组、脾虚组、四君子颗粒治疗组和治疗对照组,每组采取空肠中段作样本;H.E.染色法观察空肠组织结构,免疫组织化学法检测PCNA和IGF-1的表达。脾虚组大鼠空肠绒毛长度、隐窝深度极显著降低(P<0.01);四君子颗粒治疗组大鼠绒毛长度、隐窝深度的显著高于治疗对照组(P<0.05)。脾虚组大鼠空肠中PCNA、IGF-1阳性细胞数极显著增加(P<0.01);四君子颗粒治疗组PCNA、IGF-1阳性细胞个数显著高于治疗对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,四君子汤可以促进脾虚模型大鼠空肠的修复过程。     

3种不同方法对肉牛胴体性状预测能力的比较研究

本研究为了寻求一种对肉牛胴体性状预测准确性较高的方法,运用DPS数据处理系统和SAS软件比较偏最小二乘回归、GM(1,N)灰色系统和BP神经网络3种常用的预测模型对肉牛胴体性状的预测能力。选择肉牛7个宰前生长性状(体高、体长、胸围、腹围、管围、宰前活体质量、平均日增体质量),对2个重要的胴体性状(胴体质量和净肉质量)进行预测。结果表明:偏最小二乘回归方法在肉牛胴体性状预测方面准确性最高;GM(1,N)灰色系统和BP神经网络预测准确度偏低。本研究还将3种预测结果相结合,取其均值,大大提高了预测的准确性。这一研究将为肉牛生产实践提供一定的科学参考。