鲜切菊花栽培技术

近年来,菊花的种植面积和鲜切菊花的产量大幅增长,但菊花种植过程中病虫害较严重。为提高鲜切菊花的科学种植水平,从品种的选择、定植方式、栽培管理和病虫害防治4个方面分别介绍了春菊、夏菊、秋菊和寒菊的栽培技术要点,以期为提高鲜切菊花的观赏价值和经济效益提供有益参考。     

银杏丰产栽培技术

银杏为我国传统的名贵树种,其生长缓慢、结实晚,一般要20多a才能开花结实,并且产量低。阐述银杏的生物学特征、繁殖方式、栽培管理方法、修剪整形及病虫害防治等实用技术,旨在为扩大银杏园林生产、提高银杏的种植质量和产量提供有益的参考。     

“永林公司”不同森林经营模式林分结构比较研究

对“永林公司”经营区9种森林经营模式林分结构比较研究,结果表明：应用Weibull分布、正态分布、对数正态分布、贝塔分布、伽玛分布等方法,对9种不同经营模式下的林分直径分布进行拟合,贝塔分布拟合效果较为理想,说明由于受到了人为的干扰破坏,林分结构发生了显著的变化.林分总体混交度均小于0.8,林分结构的均匀程度要优于整齐程度,在样地中封禁保护模式、集约经营模式的均匀度已经十分接近5,也就是接近一般均匀林的程度.     

基于迁移学习的GoogLeNet果园病虫害识别与分级

为提高果树病虫害危害程度分级精度进而更好地指导果园病虫害防治,采用迁移学习技术与GoogLeNet模型相结合的方法,对6种果园作物的25类病虫害样本进行识别与危害程度分级研究;同时,探究不同数据集大小以及不同优化算法对模型性能的影响;基于MATLAB平台设计了一款可视化的病虫害识别与分级系统。结果表明:1)基于迁移学习的GoogLeNet模型,对病虫害识别精度可达99.35%,危害程度分级精度可达92.78%;2)在相同训练参数下,本研究模型比AlexNet、VGG-16、ResNet-18、SqueezeNet、原GoogLeNet及MobileNet-v2模型验证精度提高了2.38%~11.44%,并且收敛速度最快;3)本研究模型识别精度随着数据集的增大而提高;在3种优化算法中SGDM算法耗时最短且精度最高,更适合本研究模型。通过拍摄果树叶片病害区域图像,本研究设计的系统能够在0.43 s左右准确识别出果树种类、病害类型以及危害等级等信息。     

林业企业战略环境管理研究

运用环境战略理论对林业企业实施战略管理进行分析和探讨,从环境、资源2大要素为林业企业实施战略管理提出促进林业企业战略管理的实施,增强其竞争优势的建议。     

玉米抗倒性研究进展

玉米倒伏严重影响产量、品质及机械化收获。通过育种和栽培方式提高抗倒性,对玉米丰产稳产尤为重要。本文综述玉米茎秆力学特性、化学成分、植株形态结构等对个体抗倒性的影响,栽培措施和病虫害对群体抗倒性的调控及玉米茎秆性状的遗传特性,展望未来提高玉米抗倒性的技术途径。     

云南河口芒果主要病虫害发生规律调查及害虫天敌种类研究

通过对湿热地区云南河口县芒果园内的5种主要病虫害发生规律进行调查,根据调查情况对芒果白粉病、炭疽病,芒果横线尾夜蛾、芒果切叶象甲、桔小实蝇等5种发生程度较重的病虫害进行发生危害情况的相关分析,同时对云南河口地区芒果害虫天敌进行搜集、调查及鉴定,调查鉴定结果表明：共有天敌昆虫24种,其中寄生性天敌11种,分属于2目5科;捕食性天敌昆虫21种,分属于5目8科。调查结果对于生产上科学制定芒果病虫害防治措施具有重要的意义。     

论农作物病虫灾害的应对管理——基于黏虫大发生的思考

在介绍2012年我国北方玉米黏虫灾害情况的基础上,论述了黏虫的迁飞习性和为害特点,分析了虫灾发生的客观条件与人为因素、并由此提出明确责任、建立病虫灾害救助基金、重塑化学防治地位、允许民事责任追究等管理农作物病虫灾害的建议.     

Landscape,Soil, and Plant Analysis of Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) Invasion in the Piedmont Region,SC

Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum), an exotic invasive plant, is native to Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of Japanese stiltgrass as well as soil and landscape characteristics that correlate with invasion of Japanese stiltgrass around Lake Issaqueena in the upper Piedmont of South Carolina. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) were used to determine the spatial pattern of invasion with respect to the aspect, slope, canopy cover, soils, and distance to roads and trails. Japanese stiltgrass was distributed on both sides of Lake Issaqueena in Pacolet and Madison soil map units (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) on the average slopes of 21%, but it was particularly common on the eastern shore of the lake in low-lying wet and shaded areas (mean canopy cover 51%). In addition, invasion by Japanese stiltgrass was correlated with the proximity to roads and trails. Plant tissue analysis revealed many differences in the distribution of macronutrients, macrominerals, and micronutrients in the leaves, stems, and roots of Japanese stiltgrass, although those differences were not always statistically significant. Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) were the highest in leaves while zinc (Zn) concentrations were the highest in stems and concentrations of magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and sodium (Na) tended to be higher in roots. Carbon (C), sulfur (S), and potassium (K) concentrations were generally higher in above-ground tissues versus roots. Soil chemical analysis revealed no statistical differences between control and invaded plots. Our findings suggest that watershed areas surrounding lakes may be particularly susceptible to the invasion of Japanese stiltgrass due to their microclimates, low-lying wet pathways for seed distribution and recreational uses.     

基于不同平台的小麦病虫害遥感监测研究进展

小麦病虫害的频发不仅会造成产量的巨大损失,病虫害防治农药的过度使用也会提高生产成本,增加农产品有毒残留的风险,而传统监测方法费时费力,具有主观性和滞后性.小麦病虫害遥感监测技术可实现快速、实时无损的监测,从而有针对性的提早防治病虫害.介绍作物病虫害光谱响应生理机制的基础上,重点从不同平台的角度入手概述近年来小麦病虫害遥...