东方野豌豆种子休眠及萌发特性研究

对东方野豌豆种子的休眠特性、破除种子休眠方法及种子萌发适宜条件进行了试验研究,结果表明:东方野豌豆种子具有硬实休眠特性,自然成熟种子硬实率为65.75％.采用砂纸打磨和98％浓硫酸浸种均可有效破除种子硬实休眠.98％浓硫酸浸种10～18 min破除东方野豌豆种子休眠效果最好,并对幼苗正常生长无影响.东方野豌豆种子适宜萌发温度范围为10～30℃,最适发芽温度为25℃恒温,最高发芽温度为30℃恒温,最低发芽温度为10℃恒温,最适发芽床为纸上发芽.置床第3天作为种子发芽的首次计数时间,第15天为末次计数时间.     

超临界流体提取金银花中总黄酮研究初报

为探讨采用超临界CO2萃取技术萃取金银花中总黄酮的工艺条件;采用分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量,考察压力、温度、时间和夹带剂对总黄酮提取率的影响,并同热醇浸泡提取法、微波提取法和超声提取法的得率进行比较;得到超临界CO2萃取最佳条件为：压力30Mpa、温度40℃、时间120min和夹带剂用量4.5ml/g时,提取得率最高。同热醇浸泡提取法、微波提取法和超声提取法相比,其总黄酮得率分别为8.92%、9.56%、9.32%、和10.24%;超临界CO2提取方法同其他方法相比,得率高、时间短,是一种合适的提取金银花中总黄酮的方法。     

QTL analysis for panicle characteristics in temperate japonica rice

To understand the genetic background of panicle characteristics in temperate japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.), we genetically analyzed DH lines derived from a cross between two temperate japonica rice cultivars, ‘Akihikari’ and ‘Koshihikari’,in 1996 and 1997. Four traits of panicle characteristics, number of primary branches per panicle (NPB), number of secondary branches per panicle (NSB), average number of spikelets on one primary branch (NSP)and average number of spikelets on one secondary branch (NSS), in 212 DH lines were measured, and the interval mapping of QTLs for these traits was carried out using169 DNA markers with an LOD threshold of2.5. Five, three and one putative QTLs for NPB, NSB and NSS were identified,respectively, and no QTLs relating to NSP appeared. The percentages in total phenotypic variation explained by all putative QTLs for NPB were 35.5%: and43.8% in 1996 and 1997, respectively. All putative QTLs for NSB accounted for 35.5%and 27.5% of total phenotypic variation in1996 and 1997, respectively. The QTLs identified in this study will be useful intemperate japonica rice breeding for improved spikelet yield. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

旋覆花提取物对6种植物病原真菌抑制作用初步研究

测试了采于河北承德的旋覆花根、茎、叶、花及全草的乙醇提取物以及花的提取物的4种溶剂萃取组分对黄瓜白粉病菌、黄瓜霜霉病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、番茄叶霉病菌的抑制活性。结果表明：旋覆花各部位的粗提物对6种供试真菌都有一定程度的抑制作用，其中花部抑制作用较强。花部粗提物对黄瓜霜霉病菌Ec50值为5．48mg／mL，12．5mg／mL的抑制率达88．89％。在花部粗提物的4种溶剂的萃取组分中，氯仿萃取组分的抑菌活性比其他3种溶剂萃取组分高。     

耐冬山茶孢粉学研究

对耐冬山茶花粉形态进行比较研究，可以为探索山茶属植物的演化、系统分类以及耐冬山茶的品种分类提供孢粉学依据。通过用扫描电镜对耐冬山茶18个品种及3个南方山茶品种的花粉形态进行观察分析，结果如下：耐冬山茶花粉粒为腰鼓形或长球形，极面观为近三角形或三裂圆形，具三孔沟，从表面看内孔不显著。外壁两层，外层厚于内层。花粉粒表面纹饰大多为蠕虫状，亦有拟蠕虫状或拟网状。脊间或网纹间具穿孔和穴，有的脊上有较明显横向波状纹，穿孔和穴的形态及数量品种间有差异。花粉粒形态可以做为耐冬山茶品种分类的依据之一，耐冬山茶和南方山茶品种花粉形态存在较大的差异。 关键词：耐冬山茶；花粉；品种     

粳稻数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势的关系

研究粳稻资源分类方法,测定数量性状遗传距离,探讨数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势的关系。对30份粳稻资源材料的12个数量性状进行了主成分分析和聚类分析,并使用作图法研究了数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势指数之间的关系。30份粳稻资源的12个数量性状可归纳为5个主成分因子,其累积贡献率为86.84%。在评价粳稻种质资源时,首先应考虑每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数等穗粒因子,其次为群体具备一定的高峰苗数,最后应该协调植株的生育期、秧苗素质及株型等因子。30份粳稻资源被归为5组,地理远近和亲缘关系与遗传距离并不存在必然的联系。遗传距离与杂种优势的关系较为复杂,并非遗传距离越大杂种优势越明显。在进行粳稻资源评价时,不能以地理或亲缘关系作为唯一标准;在亲本选配时,应选择遗传距离中等偏大的材料。     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) containing a synthetic cryIA(b) gene from Bacillus thuringiensis

Transgenic Japanese lawngrass plants containing a synthetic cryIA(b) gene from Bacillus thuringiensis under the control of a maize ubiquitin promoter were developed by Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. A total of 1540 embryogenic calluses derived from dormancy-removal mature seeds were co-cultured with the disarmed strain EHA105 harbouring the binary vector pKUB. Three days after co-culture with EHA105 in the dark at 21°C, transient β -glucuronidase (GUS) expression frequency was 74.2%. After selection with 100 mg/l hygromycin B, a total of over 50 independent resistant cell clones and 25 regenerated plants were obtained. The integration and expression of the cryIA(b) gene into the genome was confirmed in 22 regenerated plants by the GUS histochemical assay, PCR amplification, Southern blotting and Western blotting analysis, with a transformation efficiency of 1.4%. The entire process from callus induction of mature seeds to production of transgenic plantlets was 80–100 days. T₁ progeny segregation analysis of these transgenic lines demonstrated that 59.1% of the transgenic events were inherited in a typical Mendelian fashion.     

锌胁迫对国槐幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

为探讨国槐(Sophora japonica)对重金属锌的耐受能力,以水培的3月龄国槐幼苗为试验对象,探讨不同浓度(1、50、200、350、500 μmol/L)锌处理对其生长发育、叶绿素荧光参数、丙二醛含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果 表明,在锌胁迫下,国槐幼苗生长量指标呈现明显的"低促高抑"现象,同时,根系对锌胁迫...     

酶法辅助提取金柑皮总黄酮的工艺优化研究

采用纤维素酶辅助提取技术进行金柑皮总黄酮提取工艺研究。以NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH可见光分光光度显色法测定总黄酮含量,选用单因素试验探索料液比、温度、乙醇浓度、酶量和提取时间对金柑黄酮提取率的影响,并在此基础上开展正交试验对工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,各因素对提取效果影响由大到小依次为：乙醇浓度>温度>料液比> 酶用量>提取时间,最佳提取工艺条件为：乙醇浓度是70%,料液比1:35,酶用量75 U/mL、温度50℃,提取时间100 min,提取率为1.39%,平均回收率103%。.     

不同施氮水平下沿黄常规粳稻根系生理与强、弱势粒灌浆的关系

为研究不同施氮水平下沿黄常规粳稻根系生理与强、弱势粒灌浆的关系,以2 个沿黄常规粳稻品种‘郑稻19’和‘郑稻20’为材料,大田种植。设置全生育期不施氮肥、全生育期施氮90、180、270、360 kg/hm2 5 种氮肥水平,观察2 个水稻品种根系生理与强、弱势粒灌浆特性。结果表明,随施氮量增加,2 个水稻品种的产量先显著增加后降低,强弱势粒质量、灌浆速率、最大和平均灌浆速率减小或显著减小,到达最大灌浆速率的时间和活跃灌浆期增加或显著增加。与强势粒相比,弱势粒质量较轻,最大和平均灌浆速率较小,到达最大灌浆速率时间较迟,活跃灌浆期较长。2 个水稻品种的根系氧化力、玉米素+玉米素核苷含量和活跃吸收表面积在花后逐渐降低,下降幅度逐渐增大,随施氮量增加先增加后降低。相关分析表明,强、弱势粒灌浆速率在灌浆前期与以上根系生理性状呈显著或极显著负相关,强势粒的最大和平均灌浆速率与根系生理性状呈显著或极显著负相关,而弱势粒则与之呈显著或极显著正相关。