结缕草与草地早熟禾的弹性与耐磨性对比研究

重压与摩擦试验表明，结缕草的弹性和耐磨性明显高于早熟禾，与早熟禾相比，结缕草抗践踏、弹性好的解剖学机理是：结缕草叶片的角度层发达，维管束丰富，叶内组织排列紧密，机械组织发达，结缕草叶鞘的角质层发达，叶肉厚而结构紧实。     

氮肥运筹对超级杂交粳稻产量、品质及氦素利用率的影响

在高产施氮量条件下（225kghm^-2），按基蘖肥、穗肥不同施氮比例且穗肥依不同叶龄期追氮共设计了20种施氮模式，研究了其对超级杂交粳稻常优1号产量、氮素利用率及主要米质性状的影响。结果表明：氮肥运筹对常优1号产量影响极大，基蘖肥与穗肥施氮比例为58．34：41．66，穗肥以叶龄余数4、2叶等量施氮时，产量最高；产量与总吸氮量、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥表观利用率、生理利用率呈极显著正相关关系，氮收获指数和百千克籽粒需氮量与产量呈二次曲线关系；随着穗肥施氮比例的下降，稻米整精米率、蛋白质含量、垩白率、垩白度逐渐下降；胶稠度、直链淀粉含量呈直线上升趋势；穗肥随追肥叶龄期推迟，整精米率、蛋白质含量提高，而直链淀粉含量下降。胶稠度、外观品质因基蘖肥施氮比例的不同而异。综合来看，基蘖肥、穗肥施氮比例为6：4，穗肥以倒4、2叶期追肥可使该品种超高产、优质、高效得到较好的协调统一。     

水稻籼粳杂种一代稻米加工和外观品质性状研究

采用不同稻米品质3个粳稻和4个籼稻按完全双列模型设计进行杂交，配组了24个籼粳杂种一代F1，对其主要稻米加工和外观品质性状进行研究。加工品质中糙米率和精米率均接近粳稻品种，与籼稻无关，无胞质效应；整精米率差异很大，但大多介于籼粳双亲之间，并且随粳稻亲本不同，其胞质效应表现不一致。外现品质中垩白度和透明度，大多数介于双亲之间．而垩白率多倾向于亲本的高值。     

Genetic studies on the interspecific cytoplasm substitution lines of an Asian perennial strain of Oryza rufipogon Griff. and O. glaberrima Steud.

Summary It is shown that the restorer gene Rf _j extracted from the Japanese rice variety Akebono is effective on pollen restoration in the cytoplasm substitution line having the nucleus of Oryza glaberrima and japonica or indica cytoplasm of O. sativa, and is of the sporophytic type.The Asian perennial type of the wild rice species O. rufipogon is considered to be the progenitor of O. sativa. Two substitution lines having the cytoplasm of a perennial strain of O. rufipogon from Sri Lanka and the nucleus of O. glaberrima with or without the gene Rf _j in homozygous condition have been bred by means of successive backcrosses. These lines have now reached the BC₅ generation. Plants of the lines resemble morphologically the recurrent parent, but do not show pollen restoration, indicating that the cytoplasm of the rufipogon strain induced male sterility and that the gene Rf _j does not act as the restorer.     

两用核不育系广占63S和籼粳型父本配组其F1 产量性状与产量的关系

利用光温敏两用核不育系广占63S分别和籼粳型父本测交配组，通过对两种类型F1代的产量性状表现的比较，对两种组配方式32个F1组合的单株产量与产量性状的关系进行相关分析，并对产量性状对单株产量进行了通径分析。结果表明，广占63S与籼型父本配制的组合在结实率和千粒重上优势明显，其单株穗数和单株产量呈极显著正相关，结实率和单株产量呈显著正相关；粳型父本配制组合的结实率和单株产量呈极显著正相关，每穗粒数和单株产量呈显著正相关。两种组配方式后代组合产量性状对单株产量的直接作用也不相同，进而提出了利用广占63S与籼型材料配组比直接利用粳型材料配组更有利于选育出强优势实用型杂交组合。     

低温层积过程中圆齿野鸦椿种子的生理生化变化

通过对不同层积时间圆齿野鸦椿种子萌发及其生理生化变化情况的研究,得出种皮对圆齿野鸦椿种子萌发具有很强的机械障碍,仅通过低温层积不能完全解除种皮的机械障碍.低温层积配合60℃温水浸种能够有效解除休眠.同时通过实验发现,当采取播前温水处理打破种皮机械障碍时,以低温层积90～120 d为宜,层积时间过长会导致萌发率降低.通过实验,对低温层积不同时间的圆齿野鸦椿种子生理生化变化情况进行测定,结果表明:随着层积时间增加,可溶性糖含量与G-6-PDH和6-PGDH联合酶活性波动上升,而淀粉含量波动下降.说明种子内含物质相互转化,逐步解除休眠,同时种子呼吸代谢中戊糖磷酸途径所占比重上升.POD活性先逐渐上升,在120 d后活性下降,笔者认为这可能是导致层积120 d后种子萌发率降低的主要原因.     

Segregation of 12 isozyme genes among doubled haploid lines derived from a japonica x indica cross of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Summary The segregation of 12 heterozygous isozyme markers was analyzed among F₂ plants and 51 anther culture (AC)-derived lines obtained from the japonica × indica cross of rice, IRAT 177 × Apura. All the lines except two were homozygous products of recombination of the two parental phenotypes. Doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from plants regenerated from the same callus were identical, confirming previously obtained results in rice. Surprisingly, some lines derived from different calli were also identical, suggesting a phenomenon of early callus fragmentation. All these observations at the isozyme level were confirmed by field evaluation. Deviations of segregations from the expected 1 : 1 ratio were observed at 4 loci among the DH lines. Among these, two were also noted among the F₂ plants. The two other distortions, both in favor of the japonica allele, were observed specifically in the AC-derived materials.Although this concerns a small proportion of the genes under study, it suggests that the embryogenic microsporal population does not represent a random gametic array. On the other hand, evaluation of recombination between isozyme genes located on chromosome 6 appears consistent with F₂ data and data previously recorded on the other japonica × indica crosses. The potential use of isozymes in breeding doubled haploids derived from remote crosses in rice is discussed.Abbreviations MCPA = 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid - IAA = indolacetic acid - AC plant or line = anther culture-derived plant or line - DH line = doubled haploid line     

有机栽培对杂交粳稻产量和品质的影响

以杂交粳稻(常优2号、常优5号、甬优8号)和常规粳稻(淮稻5号、南粳46、南粳5055)为试材,比较研究了有机和常规栽培方式对两种类型粳稻的产量和品质的影响,探索了有机栽培条件下杂交粳稻实现稳产优质的可能性。结果表明,有机栽培杂交、常规粳稻平均产量分别为8.11 t hm–2和6.29 t hm–2,前者比后者高28.93%。有机栽培杂交粳稻的群体总茎蘖数低于常规粳稻,但成穗率较常规粳稻增加了6.5个百分点。两种类型水稻叶面积指数和光合势在各生育期均表现为有机栽培常规栽培,但有机栽培杂交粳稻叶面积指数和光合势降幅较小。有机栽培条件下,杂交粳稻生育后期平均群体生长率是常规粳稻1.29倍,干物质积累比例高出8.81个百分点。有机栽培略微降低了杂交粳稻的加工品质,但显著改善了外观品质,提高胶稠度、降低直链淀粉含量,对蛋白质含量影响较小,总体上改善了蒸煮食味品质。有机栽培下杂交粳稻产量优势明显且有较好的品质性状,在有机稻米产业发展中具有独特的应用价值。     

温度、光周期和相对湿度对棉蚜茧蜂[Lysiphlebia japonica(Ashmead)]发育及繁殖的影响

室内条件下,22℃,L:D=16:8;RH:60％-80％,棉蚜茧蜂[Lysiphlebiajaponica(Ashmead)]个体发育历经卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫4个阶段,1个世代需12．5d,卵的发育起点温度为7．06℃,完成一个世代需有效积温为176．95日度。发育过程中,温度、光照、湿度三因子起决定性的作用。交配后的雌蜂产两性后代,未交配雌蜂营产雄孤雌生殖。     

~(14)C-丁草胺、~(14)C-毒死蜱和~(14)C-DDT在日本林蛙中的生物学行为(英文)

用同位素示踪技术研究了14 C 丁草胺、14 C 毒死蜱和14 C DDT在日本林蛙 (RanajaponicajaponicaGuenther)中的生物学行为。结果发现 ,14 C 丁草胺、14 C 毒死蜱和14 C DDT在 2 4h后分布到青蛙的各个器官组织 ,并分别以胆囊、小肠、小肠为它们的特异性浓集器官。与胆囊或小肠的14 C放射性活度比较 ,其它器官组织中的要小得多。14C DDT在日本林蛙中较难降解 ,2 4h后DDT母体在肝和脂肪组织中占DDT代谢物的54 6%和 88 4%。青蛙中的14 C 丁草胺、14 C 毒死蜱和14 C DDT可被丙酮提取 ,但三者之间以及在青蛙的器官之间有差异