Natriuretic peptide inhibition of intestinal salt absorption in the Japanese eel: physiological significance

Electrophysiological studies in vitro demonstrated the significant inhibition by natriuretic peptides (NP) of short-circuit current across the eel intestine, an important osmoregulatory organ. Inhibitory potencies of several members of the NP family were assessed by voltage-clamp determination of net transepithelial salt absorption measured as the short-circuit current I_sc across the intestine of the freshwater-adapted (FW) and seawater-adapted (SW) Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica); the order of potency of synthetic eel peptides was: amidated atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP-NH₂) > ventricular natriuretic peptide (VNP) > atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) >> C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Neither the order of potency nor the absolute potencies were effected by salinity adaptation. The observed potency sequence suggests that inhibition of intestinal absorption is mediated by A-type guanylyl cyclase-coupled NP receptors. The relatively low sensitivity of the intestinal response to NP compared with circulating NP concentrations suggests a role for intestinal regulation by NP which is independent of systemic delivery from cardiac sources. A novel model, incorporating the known immunohistochemical localization of NP-ergic cells and processes in the epithelial layer of the intestine and the dissipation of the Na⁺ electrochemical gradient along the alimentary tract, is developed in which local secretion of NP (in response to a bolus of food) inhibits salt absorption across the intestine regionally in favor of increased nutrient absorption.     

日本鳗鲡脾脏抗菌肽抗菌活性检测方法的比较

本试验旨在建立一种在日本鳗鲡脾脏抗菌肽分离纯化过程中简便、灵敏的检测其抗菌活性的方法。试验以日本鳗鲡脾脏分子质量小于10 ku的蛋白质为抗菌肽样品,选择琼脂板孔穴扩散法和微孔液体培养法2种传统方法及微量液体培养法为检测方法,比较这3种方法在抗菌肽对3种鳗鲡常见致病菌株(迟钝爱德华菌、气单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌)抗菌活性检测中的灵敏度和优缺点。结果表明:与琼脂板孔穴扩散法及微孔液体培养法相比,微量液体培养法简便、易于观察结果,具有最高的灵敏度且样品用量最少,适合在鳗鲡脾脏抗菌肽分离纯化过程中跟踪检测抗菌活性,尤其适合分离纯化后期获得微量单一样品抗菌活性的检测。由此得出,微量液体培养法适用于检测日本鳗鲡脾脏抗菌肽的抗菌活性。     

人工催熟日本鳗鲡精子的显微和超微结构

对经人工催产获得的日本鳗鲡（Anguilla japonica）精子的显微和超微结构进行了观察。光镜下观察，日本鳗鲡精子有两种形态结构，一种精子的细胞核为圆形或近 似圆形，这精子较小，细胞核长径为(2.57±0.62) μm，短径为(2.11±0.59) μm，鞭毛长度为(38.35±7.71) μm；另外一种精子的细胞核为“眉形”或“新月形”，精子较大，细胞核长径为(7.66±1.09) μm，短径为(2.54±0.46) μm，鞭毛长度为(38.35±9.02) μm。透射电镜观察结果显示：圆形精子头部的顶端无顶体，植入窝位于细胞核底端的中间，由细胞核向内凹陷而成，呈一沟状，其走向与精子的长轴平行。中心粒复合体位于植入窝内。细胞核的下端有2～3个线粒体。基体的头端呈筒状，由电子致密物构成。基体的尾端分裂成9束。尾部从袖套腔中伸出且细长，轴丝始端与基体的尾端相连，微管多呈电子致密状，轴丝为典型的“9+2”结构。圆形精子为日本鳗鲡正常成熟的精子。“眉形”或“新月形”精子头部细胞核弯曲，在弯曲处有一圆形的球状物，球状物内含有线粒体和中心粒复合体，轴丝为“9+0”结构。这种精子可能存在发育缺陷或没有达到完全正常成熟。     

漂白粉蓄积对日本蟳4种组织超微结构的影响

根据急性毒性试验确定了漂白粉对日本蟳的安全质量浓度为0．6mg／L，采用透射电镜技术研究了该质量浓度下漂白粉蓄积对日本蟳4种组织细胞(肌肉、鳃、肝胰脏和心脏)超微结构的影响。试验结果表明：漂白粉主要损伤日本蟳的鳃和肝胰脏，其次是心脏，肌肉基本无损害。鳃细胞的损害表现为鳃丝水肿，细胞器溶解，角质层变薄，线粒体、内质网的肿胀、解体；肝胰脏细胞的主要损害特征为肝管微绒毛减少、线粒体水肿解体、内质网扩张、细胞核空泡化、核膜水肿、脂肪滴增加；心脏细胞的毒理变化为线粒体内嵴肿胀、瓦解，肌原纤维不规则，内质网溶解。安全质量浓度的漂白粉经16d蓄积后，虽没有导致日本蟳死亡，但已对其体内的鳃、肝胰脏、心脏等组织细胞的超微结构产生了不同程度的影响。     

人工诱导池塘养殖鳗鲡成熟产卵以及胚胎和仔鱼发育

降海鳗鲡一直是作为研究鳗鲡人工繁殖的材料,由于降海鳗鲡的资源衰退,选用池塘养殖鳗鲡作为亲本的研究成为热点。尽管人工诱导野生降海鳗鲡获得的胚胎发育过程的研究已报道,但人工诱导池塘养殖鳗鲡的胚胎及仔鱼早期发育未见报道。本文应用池塘养殖日本鳗鲡取代野生降海日本鳗鲡进行人工繁殖,2002年的孵化批次共80次,其中大部分为人工授精卵(60次),一部分(20次)为自然产卵。受精率为(44.03±21.99)%,孵化率为(65.76±19.48)%,共计获得苗种349.9万尾。连续记录了鳗鲡的胚胎和早期仔鱼的发育过程。在水温为20.5℃时,胚胎发育需要时间为49h,所需积温1005℃.h;在水温为22.5℃时,胚胎发育需要时间为39h,所需积温878℃.h;在水温为24.5℃时,胚胎发育需要时间为34h,所需积温833℃.h。     

三十烷醇对海带生长和生理活性的影响

在海带夹苗放养前,用0.5～1.0ppm三十烷醇浸苗,能提高叶绿素和岩藻黄素含量,促进光合作用,并可在相当长时间内,提高海带对磷酸盐和硝酸离子的吸收,还可使海带体内核酸含量增加,进而促进海带迅速生长,缩短了放养后的缓苗时间,为产量的形成打下早期生长的基础。     

杂交粳稻春优84的生育特性及高产栽培技术

春优84是中国水稻研究所和浙江农科种业有限公司合作,用春江16A与C84组配而成的三系杂交粳稻新组合。该组合表现出茎秆粗壮、耐肥抗倒、穗大粒多、丰产性好,米质较优等特点。2013年通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定,适宜在浙江省作单季晚稻种植。本文总结了该组合的生育特性及高产栽培技术要点。     

Development ofNew InDel Marker to Detect Genotypes of Conferring Fertility Restoration of BT-Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility inRice简

Restorer line breeding is an important approach to enhance the heterosis and improve the yields of japonica hybrid rice. To improve the selection efficiency of restorer lines for BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in japonica rice, a functional marker InDel-Rf-1a based on the difference of nucleotide sequence in Rf-1a locus between BT-type CMS lines and restorer lines was developed to detect the genotypes of different rice materials. Conventional indica rice varieties, restorer and maintainer lines without 574 bp deletion could restore the fertility for BT-type CMS in japonica rice. By contrast, most conventional japonica rice varieties except Aichi 106 and Yijing 12, with genotype of rf-1arf-1a showed the 574 bp deletion maintained sterility for BT-type CMS lines. To further verify the effect of genotyping detection in Rf-1a locus, this marker was also used to amplify the genomic DNA in different japonica rice restorer lines, CMS lines, hybrids and F₂ segregation population, and three genotypes in Rf-1a locus could be distinguished distinctly. Therefore, the marker InDel-Rf-1a could be widely used for genetic identification and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding japonica restorer lines.     

利用花培与辐照诱变培育粳型两系不育系江79S

为创制新的两系不育系,并将其应用于强优势杂交水稻品种培育,综合利用花培和诱变技术培育了粳稻两系不育系江79S。取培矮64S/粳稻H179的F₁幼穗,利用花药培养技术培育获得一个粳型光温敏不育系S79;后采用高能碳离子束处理S79干种子,在其后代中选育了一个熟期突变体GS79(江79S),其在长日照和短日照条件下始穗表现不同,分别较S79早7 d左右和迟5 d左右。观察江79S的育性转换特性,发现其在嘉兴种植时,每年9月8日左右开始出现可育花粉并开始结实;在陵水种植时,植株正常结实且结实率达80%以上。人工气候箱光温敏特性鉴定结果表明,江79S在长日照条件下育性转换温度低于23.5℃。稻米品质和抗性鉴定结果为江79S米质达农业部(现农业农村部)部颁三级优质米标准,苗叶期抗稻瘟病。对江79S进行全基因组测序,分析发现其携带源自农垦58S的光敏不育基因pms1和pms3,且含携带抗稻瘟病基因pi21、Pia、Pid3和Pita,与其高抗苗瘟的特性相一致。以江79S配制的亚种间杂交水稻品种江两优7901通过了国家主要农作物品种审定。本研究结果为综合运用花培和辐照诱变技术培育新两系不育系材料提供了研究方法。