日本鳗li初孵仔鱼耗氧率的初步研究

研究了不同盐度、温度、光照条件下日本鳗鲡仔鱼 ( 4 .4 2± 0 .0 34 mm )的耗氧情况。结果表明 ,幼鱼的耗氧率随盐度的升高而下降 ,随温度的升高而上升 ,耗氧率遮光比在自然光下要低。同时还测定了幼鱼的窒息点。     

褐藻酸降解菌引起海带内皮层细胞储藏颗粒变化的初步研究

实验对正常海带用褐藻酸降解菌进行了人工感染，经培养使其产生烂斑，通过组织显微切片进行比较观察，发现褐藻酸降解菌首先侵入内皮层，然后再逐渐侵入到外皮层、髓部，最终导致海带病烂。切片中发现在侵染海带切片内皮层的细胞中，有大量储藏颗粒，形成椭圆或圆形。其直径范围在1．5－4．0μm之间，平均直径为2．7μm。该颗粒主要存在内皮层，从其产生到消亡的过程分析，与褐藻酸降解菌的侵入有关，并作为营养起到促进菌增殖的作用。     

Fluorescence localization of epidermal cathepsins L and B in the Japanese eel

Histochemical localization of proteolytic activities in the dorsal epidermis of Japanese eel was demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy utilizing 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (4M$\beta$NA) derivatives as substrates and 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde as a trapping agent. Carbobenzoxy-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-4M$\beta$NA (Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA) and Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA were used for direct detection of cathepsins L and B activities, respectively, in fresh frozen sections and unfixed cells of the eel epidermis. The fluorescing areas, where Cbz-Phe-Arg-4M$\beta$NA was hydrolyzed by cathepsin L, were shown in mucus secretory cells and club cells and broadly around skin surface. The fluorescing areas due to Cbz-Arg-Arg-4M$\beta$NA hydrolysis by cathepsin B were localized similarly in these tissues. The fluorescing intensity for both catheptic activities in mucus secretory cells was higher than that in club cells, where small fluorescing granules were distributed. These results indicate that eel cathepsins L and B are stored in epidermal secretory cells at different levels and probably serve as defense factors before or after secretion by these cells. Abbreviations: Cbz – carbobenzoxy; 4M$\beta$NA – 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide; NSA – 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde.     

日本鳗鲡腐皮病病原菌的分离及鉴定

从患腐皮病的日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)体表溃烂处分离到1株病原菌(322A),对其进行了人工感染实验和生理生化分析,测定了该菌株的16S rRNA基因序列和促旋酶(gyrase)B亚单位gyrB基因序列,并分别构建系统发育树。结果显示:感染实验证实菌株322A具有致病性;生理生化分析鉴定该菌株属于气单胞菌属(Aero-monassp.);16S rRNA基因分析显示,该菌株与气单胞菌属细菌的同源性均在99%~100%,构建的系统树显示,菌株322A与嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila(FJ462702))亲缘关系最近;gyrB基因分析表明,该菌株与A.hydrophila种内序列的相似性为96%~98%,种间序列的相似性为94%~95%,构建的系统树结果显示,该菌株与A.hydrophila(FJ608553、FJ608552、AF208259)聚为一个分支。综合上述实验结果,菌株322A可鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌(A.hydrophila)。     

Mining Applicable Elite Alleles of Growth Duration,Plant Height and Panicle Number per Plant by Conditional QTL Mapping in Japonica Rice

Unconditional and conditional QTL mapping were conducted for growth duration (GD), plant height (PH) and effective panicle number per plant (PN) using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two japonica rice varieties Xiushui 79 and C Bao. The RIL population consisted of 254 lines was planted in two environments, Nanjing and Sihong, Jiangsu Province, China. Results showed that additive effects were major in all of QTLs for GD, PH and PN detected by the two methods, and the e...     

抗生素对黄叶日本桃叶珊瑚试管苗细菌污染抑制效果初探

采用医用抗生素氨苄西林钠、硫酸链霉素、头孢拉定及其组合抑制黄叶日本桃叶珊瑚试管苗细菌污染试验结果表明：单独使用1种抗生素时,抗菌及试管苗生长、生根情况不如组合使用效果好,使用抗生素氨苄西林钠比另外2种抗生素效果好;组合使用抗生素时,培养基附加氨苄西林钠与硫酸链霉素各50 mg/L,对污染菌的抑菌率为100%,同时在增殖系数、苗高、生长势方面都表现最好,并对黄叶日本桃叶珊瑚试管苗的生根有明显的促进作用,氨苄西林钠与头孢拉定抗菌组合效果次之,效果好于硫酸链霉素与头孢拉定组合。     

粳稻转基因技术体系的研究与应用进展

水稻是我国60%以上人口的主食,在保障国家口粮安全中起着举足轻重的作用。近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高、城镇化进程的加快和消费习惯的改变,我国粳稻消费需求快速增长。但是,受耕地减少、生物与非生物因素胁迫日益严重的影响,粳稻增产的难度越来越大。基因工程技术的发展和应用为打破这一僵局提供了可能。回顾了粳稻转基因技术的发展,对粳稻转基因体系建立、体系优化、育种应用和安全转基因技术研发等方面进行了综述,并对目前粳稻转基因技术存在的问题和未来的发展进行了分析和展望。     

一株高雄山虫草的分子鉴定

[目的]利用生物信息学方法初步探讨虫草属日本拟青霉的分类地位。[方法]提取日本拟青霉的基因组,并利用通用引物ITSL和ITS4采用PCR技术扩增rDNA18S-28S ITS序列。采用Clustalx1.83和MEGA5软件构建系统发育树,生物信息学比较分析确定其分类地位。[结果]PCR扩增产物为603 bp。将日本拟青霉重新命名为雪花高雄山虫草(Cordyceps takaomontana strain JLsnow)。将虫草重新分类,并对该类群及其特征进行了描述。[结论]从分子水平上说明日本拟青霉与其他虫草之间的差异,该研究为虫草属真菌的分类提供新思路。     

A viability study of Fallopia japonica stem tissue

Vegetative regeneration of intact and split nodes of Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene was the focus of this greenhouse experiment. Stem material, collected in May, July and September 1997, was cut into 40-mm-long sections and incubated on the surface of moist compost in a greenhouse. All samples showed some regrowth of buds and new shoots from both intact and split nodes in any season. A maximum number of 0.25 buds per intact node was recorded after 6 days in a spring experiment. The vegetative regrowth of shoots generally appeared after 1 week and increased over time with a maximum mean height of 77 mm after 27 days and a maximum number of 0.39 shoots per intact node after 13 days. Adventitious roots developed from both intact and split nodes during both summer and autumn experiments. From this study, a maximum of 90 stem tissue propagules per square metre of F. japonica stand has been estimated. If the plant is cut as part of a control programme, these propagules can produce shoots with growth rates of up to 2.9 mm per day with a good chance of the development of adventitious roots. This considerable potential for vegetative regeneration of stem tissue shows a clear need for guidelines on the safe management and disposal of F. japonica plant material.     

林间释放平腹小蜂防治银杏大蚕蛾研究

笔者于1999－2000年在城口银杏大蚕蛾发生区释放用其卵繁育的平腹小蜂防治银杏大蚕蛾，结果表明：放蜂区虫卵寄生率明显提高，其校正寄生率为69.30%，是一种可利用的天敌昆虫。可在银杏大蚕蛾发生区内推广应用。