不同授粉方式下樱桃成本收益分析——以山西省临猗县为例

根据2020年对山西省临猗县樱桃种植户调研数据,运用成本收益法研究樱桃种植户不同授粉方式下的成本收益情况,并进行比较分析.结果表明:樱桃生产过程中,底肥和追肥的投入占总成本的比重最大,同时人工成本也是农业生产过程的重要投入因素.不同授粉方式下农户的成本收益存在明显差异,每667m2樱桃的净收益由小到大顺序为:自然授粉＜...     

几个甜樱桃品种及其砧木在新疆喀什的生长适应性研究初探

通过对新疆引进早大果(Early big)、雷佶娜(Regina)、红灯(Red light)、艳阳(Sunburst)、拉宾斯(Lapins)5个甜樱桃品种和吉塞拉6(Gisela6)、吉塞拉5(Gisela5)、ZY-1、大青叶(Daqingyie)4种砧木进行成活率、新梢生长量和光合特性的比较研究,结果表明:新疆引进的5个品种和4种砧木除品种拉宾斯和砧木大青叶的表现较差外,其它均表现出成活率高、生长量大、光合作用强等特性,具有较好的适应能力,可以在生产上推广应用.     

超甜型玉米可溶性总糖性状的配合力研究

以7个超甜型玉米自交系为亲本，按Griffing完全双列杂交方法1配制组合，研究了超甜型玉米粒可溶性总糖性状的配合力效应，结果表明，超甜型玉米可溶性总糖性状除受加性基因和非加性基因的共同控制外，还受细胞质基因的影响，可溶性总糖性状的一般配合力在各亲本间，特殊配合力在各组合间均存在显著差异，集一般配合和特殊配合力之和的总配合力效应，可以较好地反映杂交组合的优势强弱。     

甜玉米和糯玉米幼胚离体培养试验

以N1、N28、T5、1＇6等4个玉米（Zea mays L．）自交系为材料,进行幼胚离体培养．通过愈伤组织的诱导、继代、分化和植株再生等试验,对影响玉米幼胚愈伤组织诱导率和胚性率的因素进行了分析．结果表明,甜、糯玉米幼胚诱导出愈伤组织的能力较为普遍,但诱导率及胚性率因基因型不同、所选用培养基不同而不同,基因型是影响玉米幼胚愈伤组织诱导和幼苗再生的一个重要因素;选择大小为1～2mm的幼胚作为外植体有利于诱导出理想的胚性愈伤组织;2,4-D是愈伤组织诱导和继代不可缺少的植物激素,在愈伤组织诱导及继代过程中2,4-D含量以2．0mg／L为宜;AgNO3有利于胚性愈伤组织的诱导和生长,最佳含量为10mg／L,比对照高27．15％．     

Fermentability of carbohydrates in an in vitro batch culture method using inocula from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

This study investigated in vitro fermentability of wheat‐derived carbohydrates using inocula of Nile tilapia and European sea bass. Distal intestinal contents were incubated in bottles containing one of four fermentable substrates, i.e. glucose (GL), native wheat starch (WS), arabinoxylan (ABX) and whole wheat (WHT). Cumulative gas production was measured for 168 h. At the end of incubation, fermentation end‐products were measured. A monophasic model was fitted to the gas production profiles of each bottle, thereby allowing calculation of gas kinetic parameters. Total gas production (mL g^?1 organic matter) differed significantly between substrates for tilapia (GL: 268.9; WS: 388.0; ABX: 411.9; WHT: 413.2) and sea bass (GL: 338.6; WS: 189.3; ABX: 296.3; WHT: 264.0). Fermentation rates were highest for GL and lowest for WS, both for tilapia and sea bass. Fermentation of ABX and WHT yielded predominantly acetic and butyric acid, whereas GL and WS yielded also significant amounts of lactic acid. Ammonia (mL g^?1 organic matter) was highest for WHT (tilapia: 80.36; sea bass: 70.39) and lowest for GL (tilapia: 46.01; sea bass: 32.83). In conclusion, intestinal microbes from Nile tilapia and European sea bass have the potential to ferment carbohydrates. Large differences exist in fermentability and composition of fermentation end‐products between carbohydrates.     

叶片和果实钾含量对甜柿单果重及糖酸组分的影响

以甜柿品种‘太秋’（Diospyros kaki ‘Taishuu’）为试材,分析了叶片和果实钾含量对单果重及糖酸代谢的影响。结果表明：叶片钾含量对单果重有较明显影响,而果实钾含量对果实糖酸组分含量有显著影响。叶片钾含量与单果重呈极显著直线相关,叶片钾是果实膨大所需钾来源之一。果实成熟期,叶片钾含量在6.4~9.6 mg·g-1范围内可促进单果重增加;果实钾含量在4.6~4.8 mg·g-1范围内可促进果实中葡萄糖和果糖的合成,果实钾含量在4.4~4.6 mg·g-1范围内有利于抑制有机酸的积累。综合考虑,果实生长进入成熟期后,叶片钾含量的适宜区间为6.4~9.6 mg·g-1,果实钾含量的适宜区间为4.6~4.8 mg·g-1。     

Bio-economical and ethical impacts of alien finfish culture in European inland waters

Since 1989, and in comparison to the global trend, inland aquaculture production of European finfish has declined. To date, the yearly European freshwater aquaculture production is 371,727 tons, valued at over US$1 billion. Indigenous species accounted for less than one-third of the production, whereas alien species (a species that has been moved beyond its natural range of distribution) accounts for the remainder. However, in general, indigenous species command a higher market price. Currently, food quality and food safety are leading concerns of consumers, and European consumers are also becoming alert to environmentally detrimental practices. Therefore, to aim at economic sustainability, the sector needs to satisfy consumer expectations of environmentally friendly practices. It is believed that farming alien finfish species can threaten local biodiversity through escapes, and this represents a current environmental concern relative to aquaculture. In this context, an attempt is made in this paper to understand and quantify the impacts of alien finfish cultivation in European inland waters, and to suggest remedial measures.     

大樱桃褐腐病菌生物学特性研究

褐腐病在辽宁大樱桃产区严重发生,对大樱桃褐腐病菌(Monilia fructigena)生物学特性进行了研究。试验从温度、光照、pH以及营养条件几方面对病菌菌丝生长、孢子产生及萌发的环境条件进行测定。结果表明,大樱桃褐腐病菌菌丝在PSA培养基、25℃、pH 6.0及黑暗条件下生长最好;产孢最佳条件为PDA、木糖、NH4H2PO4、25℃、pH 6.0;分生孢子在可溶性淀粉、NH4H2PO4、25℃、pH 7.0的条件下萌发率最高。病菌菌丝致死温度为56℃、10 min。     

甜椒细胞质雄性不育新种质花蕾败育与活性氧代谢关系研究

通过测定甜椒胞质雄性不育系A(G05106)及其保持系B(G05107)花蕾中抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质含量,研究了胞质雄性不育与活性氧代谢的关系.结果表明:与保持系相比,不育系中的产生速率、H2O2和MDA含量显著高于保持系,过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 活性略高于保持系,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性相对较低.此外,不育系中抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著低于保持系.说明活性氧是促使甜椒花蕾败育的重要因素之一.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas syringae</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">cerasicola</Emphasis>, pv. nov., the Causal Agent of Bacterial Gall of Cherry Tree

Bacterial gall on trunks and twigs of cherry trees (Prunus × yedoens, Someiyoshino) was found in Miyazaki and Saga prefectures, Japan. The surface of young galls are relatively smooth and light brown, but they become rough and dark brown. Characteristics of the bacterium isolated from galls on trunks or twigs are similar to those of Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, i.e., pv. actinidiae, pv. daphniphylli, pv. dendropanacis, pv. Morsprunorum, pv. myricae, pv. rhaphiolepidis, pv. syringae and pv. tremae. This bacterium produced galls on cherry and apricot, but not on 66 other species of plants belonging to 39 families. From these results, this bacterium was classified as a new pathovar of Pseudomonas syringae, and the name Pseudomonas syringae pv. cerasicola, pv. nov., is proposed. Strain M9501(ICMP 13926) was designated as the pathotype strain. Received 10 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 24 December 1999