迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油综合提取技术研究(Ⅰ)——两步提取法

极性溶剂和非极性溶剂的两步提取法是迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油综合提取的有效方法,操作简单,容易实施。迷迭香抗氧化剂和精油两步综合提取的合理条件为:粉碎的迷迭香叶子,极性溶剂95%乙醇,90℃提取3~4 h,提取物再经非极性溶剂60~90℃石油醚提取。迷迭香精油的提取得率为1.50%,其成分分析显示为西班牙型;迷迭香抗氧化剂的提取得率为16.08%,活性炭脱色精制得率为85.00%,迷迭香抗氧化剂主要含有鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚和迷迭香酸等活性成分,它们的平均含量分别为17.78%、6.23%和3.37%。     

甘肃沙枣多糖提取工艺研究

采用热水浸提、醇沉法提取沙枣多糖,对沙枣多糖提取工艺进行了研究。选择料液比、浸提温度和浸提时间作为单因素进行梯度实验,确定其提取备件范围,再通过正交试验进一步确定沙枣多糖最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明,沙枣多糖的最佳提取工艺为：浸提温度为85℃、固液比为1：60、浸提时间为2h,在此条件下提取得甘肃沙枣多糖含量为4．98％。     

The Impact of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents and Extraction Method on the Co-Extraction of Trace Metals from Fucus vesiculosus

In recent years, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been widely investigated for the extraction of food and medicinal plants as well as seaweeds. However, the ability of NADES for trace elements co-extraction from natural sources is not well investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of common NADES for trace elements co-extraction from Fucus vesiculosus. All of the tested NADES did not recover As and Co (concentration <LOQ). Moreover, all of the tested NADES provided a low recovery (<9%) of Ba, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Sr, and Zn. The method of extraction had not shown a statistically significant effect on the co-extraction of all elements (excluding Ba and Ca). In contrast, the water content in NADES was significantly affected on the recovery of Ba, Ca, Mg, Mn, Sr, and Zn. The recovery of Al and Cr was relatively high and considerably varied (from 1.5 to 59.9%). NADES comprising lactic acid:glucose:H₂O (5:3:1) provided the lowest contents of all elements, and the highest extracted amounts were obtained employing water contents of 60–80%. The calculated daily intake of all the elements contained in NADES extracts were less than the daily dose risk estimators. The hazard quotients, hazard indexes, and carcinogenic risk calculated for all trace elements and their combination were considerably less than 1. This evidences no health risk, and carcinogenic risk after topical application of all studied NADES. For the first time, the results of the current study demonstrated that NADES extracts of F. vesiculosus contain a lower amount of trace metals and are safer than the extracts obtained with water and 70% acetone. This indicates a significant advantage for NADES compared with the other solvents.     

从洋葱粉中提取洋葱精油与油树脂的比较研究

以洋葱粉为研究对象,以含硫化合物浓度为评价指标,采用水蒸汽蒸馏、溶剂萃取法和索氏提取法进行洋葱精油与油树脂的比较研究。在含硫化合物浓度上,水蒸汽蒸馏得到的洋葱精油明显高于正己烷或乙醇萃取得到的油树脂,而不同溶剂萃取得到的油树脂含硫量相差不多。从气相色谱图上可以看出,洋葱油树脂中除含少量洋葱精油外,主要是沸点较高的倍半萜及代表辛香味的树脂成分、色素等。     

苎麻种子含油量的配合力及遗传分析

以4个油纤兼用苎麻无性系为材料作完全双列杂交.分析杂交当代种子含油量的配合力和遗传效应.结果表明,供试材料种子含油量的一般配合力、特殊配合力和反交效应方差均达显著或极显著水平:不同材料一般配合力效应品系11>品系1>品系9>品系2.其中品系11和品系1为较理想的亲本材料:反交效应的大小和方向因组合而异.高含油量材料宜作母本还是作父本应视组合而定:含油量的广义遗传率为76.85%,狭义遗传率为41.38%,说明苎庥种子含油量的遗传率较高,且以基因加性效应为主;所有供试材料自交种子的舍油量均高于其作母本与其他材料杂交的种子舍油量.说明大面积种植同一无性系材料对舍油量没有不利效应.     

茗荷水溶性多糖提取及抗氧化性能测定

采用单因素试验和厶(34)正交试验设计,研究了不同的料液比、提取时间和提取温度对茗荷多糖提取率的影响.并采用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定茗荷多糖对超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)清除活性,Fenton体系测定茗荷多糖对羟基自由基(·OH)的清除作用.茗荷多糖提取的最佳工艺条件为以1:30的科液比,在90℃水浴条件下.提取时间为4h;茗荷多糖对超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基有较强的清除作用.     

一种制备富含多糖丝状真菌基因组DNA的方法

采用改进CTAB法提取的红曲霉、镰刀菌和微小毛霉基因组DNA数量和质量都较为理想,DNA产量在90～130 μg·g-1湿菌体,大小均在21kb.4℃可保存4～6个月.用该方法提取的基因组DNA为PCR扩增的模板,扩增结果稳定、准确.分别用限制性内切酶SacⅠ、HindⅢ、BamHⅠ酶解红曲霉M34均能得到较为均一的完全酶切带.该方法快速、简便,成本低,适合富含色素和多糖的真菌的基因组DNA的提取.此外,还适合真菌分子育种等的筛选和样本量大的PCR检测.     

上海崇明岛银灰菊花期精油成分分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取植株精油,用GC和GC-MS鉴定其化学成分,对种植于上海崇明岛的银灰菊(Santolina chamaecyparissus L.)花期精油含油率及成分的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:银灰菊在初花期、盛花期、末花期,精油含有率分别为:1.45、2.05、1.38 mL·kg-1鲜重,盛花期精油含量最高。研究鉴定出25种精油成分,主要为酮类、萜烯类和醇类物质。精油主成分为蒿酮(19.39%～24.02%)、Vulgarone(16.16%～22.23%)、β-水芹烯(13.56%～18.08%)、月桂烯(9.00%～12.11%)、桧烯(3.50%～4.78%)、β-蒎烯(3.58%～4.07%)。整个花期精油成分物质没有发生显著变化,而各成分的相对含有率变化明显。     

紫苏子油纳米乳的制备及其对小鼠急性高血脂症的影响

通过绘制伪三元相图优选处方,采用滴定法制备紫苏子油纳米乳,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、激光粒度测定仪分别考察其形态和粒径,通过恒温加速试验考察其稳定性,并研究其对急性小鼠高血脂症的影响。结果显示,以小麦胚芽油为油相,聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油(RH40)为表面活性剂制备的紫苏子油纳米乳外观澄明,有淡蓝色乳光;电镜下呈圆球形,平均粒径为58 nm,高速离心、高温下无絮凝或药物析出。与紫苏子油软胶囊对抗急性小鼠高血脂症的药效比较,紫苏子油纳米乳有更强的抗高血脂功效。结果表明,制备的紫苏子油纳米乳是一种质量稳定、高效的抗高血脂乳剂。     

草鱼肠系膜脂肪组织高质量总RNA提取方法的研究

基于传统的酸性酚—异硫氰酸胍—氯仿一步提取法,比较分析多种优化操作步骤,摸索出一种高质量提取体质量为80～150 g草鱼肠系膜脂肪组织总RNA的改良方法.试验结果显示,相较于肝脏、脾脏、肠道等脏器组织,草鱼肠系膜脂肪组织RNA丰度低,且极易在样品前处理阶段出现顽固性降解问题.探索发现,将取样量增至约30 mg,可提升R...