Synthesis and characterization of castor oil-based polymeric surfactants

Dehydrated castor oil was epoxidized using phosphoric acid as a catalyst and acetic acid peroxide as an oxidant to produce epoxidized castor oil (ECO). Ring-opening polymerization with stannic chloride was used to produce polymerized ECO (PECO), and sodium hydroxide used to give hydrolyzed PECO (HPECO). The HPECO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. The weight-average molecular weight of soluble PECO and HPECO were 5026 and 2274 g·mol^-1, respectively. PECO and HPECO exhibited glass transition. Through neutralizing the carboxylic acid of HPECO with different counterions, castor oil-based polymeric surfactants (HPECO-M, where M= Na⁺, K⁺ or triethanolamine ion) exhibited high efficiency to reduce the surface tension of water. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of HPECO-M ranged from 0.042 to 0.098 g·L^-1 and the minimum equilibrium surface tensions at CMC (g_cmc) of HPECO-M ranged from 25.6 to 30.0 mN·m^-1. The water-hexadecane interfacial energy was calculated from measured surface tension using harmonic and geometric mean methods. Measured values of water-hexadecane interfacial tension agreed well with those calculated using the harmonic and geometric mean methods.     

花叶良姜果实挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取花叶良姜果实挥发油,通过GC-MS进行成分鉴定,结果发现：花叶良姜果实中的挥发油得率为0.109%;从中鉴定出41个成分,占挥发油总量的94.075%。主要成分为桉油精(35.730%),三环烯(7.463%),2-茨酮(5.737),4-蒈烯(5.640%),p-伞花烃(4.975%),γ-桉叶醇(4.300%),肉桂酸甲酯(4.273%),占总相对含量的68.118%。     

震荡观察法快速鉴别油茶籽油中掺杂菜籽油

依据油茶籽油与菜籽油亲水性不同的特点,通过震荡观察法观察纯油茶籽油、纯菜籽油以及混合标准油(油茶籽油中掺入5%菜籽油)与水混合震荡后所呈现的特征现象,以期鉴别油茶籽油中是否掺有菜籽油,并与电子鼻和醋酸酐-浓硫酸法的测定结果进行比较。试验结果表明:只需使用水、亚甲基蓝及试管等廉价材料即可在16 min内完成对油茶籽油是否掺伪的鉴别,其灵敏度可满足人们日常检测的需要;另外,此法对商品油掺杂鉴定的结果与电子鼻法和醋酸酐-浓硫酸法的检测结果基本一致,证明了此法的可行性和准确性。     

丹东市发展油用牡丹产业的可行性及对策分析

我国食用油市场需求巨大,油用牡丹具有高产出、高含油率、高品质、低投入的特点,为弥补食用油市场缺口,国家出台了相关政策大力支持油用牡丹产业的发展。该研究分析了丹东市发展油用牡丹产业的可行性及存在的问题,丹东市气候适宜,宜栽林地资源丰富,劳动力成本低,科研力量雄厚,发展油用牡丹产业符合当地当地特色农业发展趋势,具有良好的可行性;但相关技术及人才缺乏,农民对油用牡丹的认知度不高,资金投入和优质种苗短缺,缺乏相关产品深加工企业。对此,提出了因地制宜科学规划、积极宣传提高认知度、加大科技投入、培育种植及深加工龙头企业等促进丹东市油用牡丹产业发展的对策。     

肉桂精油对气调小包装大鲵分割肉保鲜效果的研究

以人工养殖的子二代大鲵为试材,将大鲵去皮去内脏后预冻至中心温度为0℃,分割成0.8~1.0 cm的肉片,装入PP托盘内,进行充气包装,气体比例为20%N2+10%O2+70%CO2,并分别采用10、20、30、40μL/L肉桂精油进行处理,然后在0℃条件下储藏,定期测定肉样的理化、微生物及感官品质指标,并对肉样新鲜度进行综合评价。结果表明,肉桂精油对大鲵分割肉有较好的保鲜作用,其中,以30μL/L肉桂精油处理对大鲵分割肉的保鲜效果最好,其可保持较低的汁液流失率和挥发性盐基氮含量,抑菌效果较好,且能在一定程度上保持大鲵分割肉的感官品质,延长储藏期至22 d。     

An attempt at implementing a holistic inclusive development model: Insights from Malaysia's land settlement scheme

This paper examines the influences of Malaysia's Federation Land Development Authority (FELDA) scheme in fostering inclusive rural development. Based on the model of holistic inclusive development, the paper investigates the performance of FELDA from four perspectives: social development, industrialisation, modernisation and basic needs. The main findings of the study indicate that, to a large extent, the scheme has successfully stimulated both the social and economic development of the community. Nonetheless, establishing a strong trust, social cohesion and rapport between the public authorities and community remain the main challenges in determining the success of this state‐led agenda. Moreover, keeping traditional values in the modern system will be the key principle for the sustainability of the programme if plans are made to adopt the scheme in other regions.     

心材形成机理与人工促进研究进展

珍贵树种心材供不应求,主要归因于心材自然形成缓慢。研究如何人为地促进心材形成意义重大,但国内外相关研究综述还未见报道。文中在介绍心材形成的变化过程和主要机理假说的基础上,系统地总结生长调节剂、接种菌类、外源气体和其他抚育措施等人工促进心材形成的主要研究技术及成果,并结合课题组多年的研究提出了存在的不足与展望,以期为今后心材形成机理和人工促进心材形成的相关研究提供参考。     

转子轴承系统的故障及其诊断

旋转机械是工业生产中应用最广泛的一类机械设备,转子轴承系统作为旋转机械的核心部件。转子轴承系统也面临着如轴承部件损坏、转子不平衡、转子不对中、动静碰摩、油膜涡动等易发故障。因此,必须转子轴承系统可能出现的异常现象的机理进行分析,及早发现问题,及时排除故障,保证转子轴承系统的可靠工作,避免造成经济损坏或出现重大安全事故。     

Effect of Fruiting Branch/Square Removal on Growth and Quality of Bt Cotton under Different Potassium Rates

Removal of early fruiting branches with greater potassium doses caused more source and no sink at early stages of growth, leading to improved yield, yield components, and fiber quality traits in Bt cotton. The study used manual alteration of plant architecture (F₁, no branch removal; F₂, removal of first fruiting branch; F₃, removal of first and second fruiting branches; F₄, removal of all squares from first fruiting branch; F₅, removal of all squares from first and second fruiting branches) and potassium rates (50, 100, and 150 kg ha^?1) in a randomized complete block design and was repeated for 2 years (2011 and 2012). Increasing potassium application increased total bolls per plant and cotton yield to the greatest levels in F₃ and F₅, against lowest level in the control. Ginning out turn, fiber length, seed oil, and seed protein content were influenced by fruiting branch or square removal but the difference was less. Increasing potassium improved seed and fiber quality.