燃油植物橡胶树籽的开发利用

橡胶树是中国重要的经济树种,广泛种植于云南和海南等热带区域。橡胶籽是橡胶树的重要副产品,其种仁营养价值高;其中,粗蛋白含量约25%~30%,且必需氨基酸组成较平衡;粗脂肪含量为50%,且橡胶籽油成分近似于亚麻籽油,富含α-亚麻酸,其含量为花生油和葵花油的数十倍。橡胶籽中含有氢氰酸等抗营养因子,但经贮存、加热可钝化绝大部分氰化物。可见,橡胶籽及其加工产品可作为养殖动物饲料原料。前期研究发现：水产饲料中添加一定比例橡胶籽饼对鱼类生长和健康无明显负面影响,但高比例添加会对鱼类消化和健康产生一定负面影响,其可能与橡胶籽饼中高含量粗纤维有关;橡胶籽饼中赖氨酸和蛋氨酸含量相对较低,使用时应注意补充赖氨酸和蛋氨酸。橡胶籽油富含α-亚麻酸,是鱼油的优质替代源,可部分甚至完全替代水产饲料中的鱼油。本文综述了橡胶籽产品的营养价值及其在水产饲料中的应用现状,可为橡胶籽的开发利用提供理论基础。     

复合式分离型热管在原油采出液余热回收中的应用

通过蒸汽辅助重力泄油(Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage,SAGD)技术开采稠油时,采出液温度较高,对其进行热回收的节能潜力较高,油田采用热管式换热器回收采出原油的余热,将其作为工业或生活用热具有研究价值。考虑到现场空间要求和工程设备模块化的特点,利用U形管壳式换热器、螺旋板式换热器作为分离型热虹吸热管蒸发段和冷凝段,并建立复合式分离型热管模型,分析其换热性能、循环压降、充液率及换热能力。采用新疆油田油水二次换热区的分离型热管系统验证该模型,结果表明:复合式分离型热管计算模型可行;复合式热管具备U形管壳式换热器、螺旋板式换热器的优点,换热性能强,系统换热能力可以满足实际要求,有较好的环境适应性。     

陆上输油管道溢油扩散规律及泄漏后果研究进展

输油管道一旦泄漏不但会造成直接经济损失,而且将对周围环境、沿线居民带来不利影响,掌握泄漏油品在周围环境中的渗流、地表扩散以及蒸发情况,对于开展管道应急处理和泄漏后果评价至关重要。结合陆上输油管道泄漏事故特点,从事故条件下的泄漏量、泄漏油品的流动扩散规律以及泄漏后果等方面入手,对成品油管道泄漏油品研究成果进行了归纳总结,同时为进一步研究泄漏油品在周围环境的扩散过程,预估泄漏后果并制定合理的应急处理方案提出了建议。     

烧鸡风味复合辛香料精油、油树脂和超微粉的GC-MS对比分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界CO2萃取法和低温冷冻粉碎法等不同加工方法制备烧鸡风味复合辛香料深加工产品精油、油树脂和超微粉,并对其进行了风味成分的GC-MS对比分析.试验结果表明:3种辛香料深加工产品的风味成分存在差异,α-蒎烯、β-松油烯、桉叶油醇、γ-松油烯、丁香酚为三者共有成分、但含量存在差异,而有些成分为两者共有或...     

通用小型汽油机游车故障的一种非常规排除方法

分析了通用小型汽油机游车的原因，提出了一种较为经济的游车故障排除方法。     

新型国产白油佐剂与进口Marcol-52白油佐剂配制疫苗的比较试验

The Newcastle disease inactivated vaccines were prepared with oil adjuvants respectively from domestic and import.The experiments were done in order to compare the new domestic oil and Marcol-52 according to a series of testing indexes. The results showed that the quality of the new domestic oil was better than Marcol-52, except the absorptive quality.     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.     

A Method of Analyzing the Parameter Sensitivity of Large Rotor Systems and Its Application

Based upon the eigenvalue sensitivity theory of non-self-adjoit system and the component mode synthesis method,a new technique is developed to analyze the eigenvalue sensitivity to variation of parameters of large rotor-bearing system. As an application, the influence of the journal bearing parameters on the stability of a large domestic turbine-generator set is analyzed and discussed.     

喷油泵试验台智能量油系统的研究

为解决喷油泵试验台量油系统测量误差较大的问题，本研究通过采集喷油器针阀升程、喷油压力、转速等信号精确测得喷油量。     

超细煤水浆与柴油混合液的流变特性

煤水浆(CWM)是一种新型的正在开发的可工业化的石油代用燃料。而将煤水浆用于柴油机则处于试验阶段。流变特性是煤水浆性质判定的主要依据之一。本文将就下列三方面对超细煤木浆与柴油组成的混合液(用作柴油机燃料)的流变特性进行分析:(1)流变模型和流变参量;(2)超细煤水浆与柴油的最佳混合比;(3)触变性。