兰成渝成品油管道分输调度软件的开发与应用

结合兰成渝管道实际生产需要,研发了一套与之相适应的管道分输调度软件.该软件由原始数据的输入、分输计划制定和输出三个独立模块构成.现场应用表明,该软件实用性强,用于编制和生成管输油品分输计划较为便捷、高效.该软件的应用可及时为管道经营者提供准确的管输油品的输送计划和信息,利于成品油销售商及时抓住市场契机获取更大的经济效益.     

珍珠油杏简易设施避雨栽培技术研究

珍珠油杏以果面光洁油亮、果肉金黄蜜甜、可溶性固形物含量高而赢得消费者的喜爱,但是该品种存在近成熟期果实糖化、遇雨容易裂果的生理缺陷,生产者普遍认为栽培管理难度较大,遇到采收期降雨量较大的年份,裂果率会达到90%以上,基本失去商品价值。所以,珍珠油杏在沂蒙山区的推广面积一直不大,量少质优必然价高,近几年珍珠油杏田间收购价常常徘徊在12元/kg,单位收益相当可观。据此,围绕解决裂果生产难题,探索珍珠油杏简易设施避雨栽培技术,具有较大的生产意义。我们于2019年在费县东蒙镇太白庄村开展了避雨栽培技术研究,采取了高垄大小行栽培、树盘覆盖无纺布、节水灌溉、拱棚动态覆膜等技术措施,增强了花期冻害防御能力,提高了座坐果率,成功降低了根际土壤湿度和园内空气湿度,实现了优质果率94%、裂果率低于5%,配套技术成熟,具备较强的推广应用价值。     

Response of industrial hemp to Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities under organic and conventional fertilisation

A 2-year field study was conducted to determine the effects of different nutrition systems and Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities on industrial hemp yield and its components. Experiments were conducted as a split plot in a randomised complete block design with three replicates. Factors were fertilisation (poultry manure, vermicompost and nitrogen fertiliser) as the main plot and weed density (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 plants/m²) as the subplot. Results indicated that the maximum number of racemes per plant, seeds per raceme, 1000-seed weight, biomass, grain yield and harvest index (HI) of industrial hemp were obtained using vermicompost and were reduced with nitrogen fertiliser application. All measured properties in hemp plants decreased due to increasing S. kali subsp. tragus density, especially at 15 and 20 plants/m². The most significant reduction in hemp grain yield and its components was observed by increasing weed density with the application of nitrogen fertiliser. The application of vermicompost at high weed densities resulted in greater hemp grain yield and its components compared with nitrogen fertiliser. It is recommended to apply organic fertilisers, especially vermicompost at high S. kali subsp. tragus densities.     

Breaching the black box: The role of ramps in Thai sustainable palm oil certification

Certification of sustainable palm oil as organised through the Round Table on Sustainable Palm Oil is based on a simplified understanding of the global palm oil value chain – according to which instructions about production practices can be directly translated from the palm oil mill to the primary producer. The reality of palm oil provision is much more complex than this as is shown in the case of Thailand. On the basis of qualitative field study in Southern Thailand this paper clarifies that intermediary stages, such as the collection of oil palm fruit bunches at the ramp, play a key role in the organisation of the chain. The fluidity and complexity of the palm oil flow at the local level complicates the promotion of sustainability through certification. Global and national stakeholders, such as processing and trading firms, non‐governmental organisations and national governments, should therefore open this black box of local dynamics to more effectively contribute to sustainability in palm oil supply.     

二十碳五烯酸甲酯标准样品的研制

以深海鱼油为基础原料,将其皂化水解为游离脂肪酸,经尿素—甲醇包合粗分离后,以硫酸—甲醇甲酯化,再经硝酸银—硅胶柱层析精分离,得到高纯度的二十碳五烯酸甲酯标准物质。经定值检测,确定其化合物纯度≥98%。     

二步法催化高酸值大豆油制备生物柴油

采用两步法催化高酸值大豆油制备生物柴油.第一步在固定床反应器中,以002CR型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,高酸值大豆油中游离脂肪酸和甲醇酯化生成脂肪酸甲酯(生物柴油);然后用氢氧化钾催化油中的甘油三酯和甲醇进行酯交换.结果表明,最佳酯化条件为:醇酸摩尔比2:1,反应温度60℃,进耕速度3 mL/min.该条件下大豆油酸值可降至1 mgKOH/g以下.酯交换条件为:催化剂用量1.5%,醇油摩尔比6:1,反应温度65℃.产品技术指标达到我国0#柴油(GB252-1994优级品)的要求.     

钾肥种类和施钾时期对油葵产量及品质的影响

为分析钾肥种类和施钾时期对油葵产量以及品质的影响,选取油葵杂交品种陇葵杂3号,采用2因素3水平（2个钾肥种类：氯化钾（F1）、硫酸钾(F2);3个施钾时期：全部种前基施（T1）、 50% 基施+50%现蕾期追施（T2）、 25%基施+50%现蕾期追施+25%花期追施（T3））随机区组试验设计,于2014-2016年在甘肃省景泰条山农场进行田间试验。结果表明：KCl和K₂SO₄这两个钾肥品种的盘径、千粒重、粗脂肪含量、产油量、亚麻酸含量间没有明显的差异。与施用K₂SO₄相比,施用KCl的产量在2014年显著增加,F1T2的产量较F2T2增加了4.96%,F1T3较F2T3增加了4.06%。出仁率、油酸含量在2015年和2016年显著增加,F1T1的出仁率较F2T1在2015年和2016年分别增加了1.50%、2.99%,F1T2的出仁率较F2T2在2015年和2016年分别增加了1.76%、19.7%;2015年F1T2的油酸含量较F2T2增加了5.92%;2016年F1T3的油酸含量较F2T3增加了9.09%。粗蛋白含量在2014年和2016年显著降低,F2T3的粗蛋白含量较F1T3在2014年和2016年分别增加了9.95%、8.87%。粗蛋白产量在2016年显著降低,F2T3的粗蛋白产量在2016年较F1T3增加9.29%。亚油酸含量在2015年和2016年显著降低, F1T3的亚油酸含量较F2T3在2015年和2016年分别增加了3.17%和3.03%。施钾时期对油葵的盘径、亚麻酸含量没有显著影响,但对油葵的千粒重、出仁率、产量、蛋白质含量、蛋白质产量、粗脂肪含量、产油量、油酸、亚油酸影响显著。钾肥的最佳施用时期为基施。油葵产量与盘径、千粒重、出仁率均有显著的正相关关系,油酸和亚油酸之间存在负相关关系。     

高油花生品种荚果发育动态研究

以高油品种为试材,研究了高油花生品种荚果发育过程中荚果的鲜重、干重及籽仁干重的变化规律.结果表明:0321-31和鲁花12号荚果发育晚、速度慢,持续时间短;冀花4号、冀花5号、冀花2号和R1549荚果发育较早、速度快,持续时间长;不同花生品种荚果发育规律表现一致,即荚果发育初期,以荚果膨大为主;始花40 d后,荚果发育进程加快;始花47～54 d,荚果鲜重和干重快速增加,但含水量仍在60%以上;始花54～68 d,荚果鲜重和干重继续增加,但幅度不大,而荚果鲜重则随含水量的急剧下降而减少;始花68～82d,荚果含水量较少,荚果干重和籽仁干重再度急速增加,始花82 d时达到最大值.     

Changes in the Quality of Refined Fish Oil in an Accelerated Storage Study

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to prepare the refined oil derived from Sardinella longiceps by a step-wise procedure of degumming, bleaching, and deodorization. The refined sardine oil showed greater susceptibility toward oxidation than the crude oil, but the addition of ethyl acetate fractions of the red seaweeds Hypnea musciformis, Kappaphycus alvarezii, and Jania rubens with great antioxidant potential significantly increased the oxidative stability of the refined oil. The refined oil supplemented with the ethyl acetate fraction of these seaweeds indicated more noteworthy oxidative stability indices (≥ 0. 51 h) than α-tocopherol. The induction time was greater for refined oil added with H. musciformis (1.26 h) than butylated hydroxytoluene (1.04 h) and α-tocopherol (0.4 h). No traces of aromatic (δ 6.7–7.5 ppm), hydroperoxides, and aldehydes (δ 9–10 ppm) in the ¹H-NMR spectra of the refined oil supplemented with seaweed extracts at the baseline and after the accelerated storage study demonstrated that the seaweed extracts were able to prevent the formation of secondary oxidation products in the unsaturated system during storage. This study demonstrated the potential of seaweeds as natural alternatives to the synthetic antioxidants to prevent the rancidity of the refined fish for use in food and pharmaceutical industries.     

关于完善渔业油价补助政策的探讨

从对国内外渔业油价补助政策的实践来看,该政策对于稳定渔业生产发展有着重要作用。通过会议座谈、重点调查和问卷调查等方法对我国现行渔业油价补助政策进行了调研分析,认为我国渔业油价补助方法不够科学合理,不仅与现行渔业政策不协调,还暴露出实际操作比较困难、支撑渔业油价补助发放的配套制度不够健全等问题。结合我国渔业产业实际,建议应调整完善海洋捕捞业和水产养殖业的油价补贴办法、统一细化全国渔业柴油补贴扣减政策、完善渔船管理和渔政执法管理相关制度等,提高渔业油价补助决策的科学性和民主性。