基于自适应多分辨率分析的电动拖拉机驱动功率分配策略

燃料电池分布式驱动电动拖拉机（fuel cell distributed drive electric tractor,FCDET）能够有效解决环境污染和能源紧缺问题、推动农业可持续发展。针对FCDET牵引效率低、续航时间短、氢耗量大等问题,该研究提出了基于自适应多分辨率分析（adaptive multi-resolution analysis,AMRA）的犁耕驱动功率分配策略。首先建立燃料电池系统等效电路模型、总效率求解模型、能量耗散模型以及驱动电机响应模型。一次重构策略基于可调Q因子小波变换（tunable Qfactor wavelet transform,TQWT）,获得有效反应功率信号振荡特性的子序列。二次重构策略将低频子序列经过变分模态分解（variational mode decomposition,VMD）为若干个具有特殊稀疏性质的离散子信号。然后采用麻雀搜索算法（sparrow search algorithm,SSA）实时获取VMD的分解层数和二次惩罚因子的最优组合。最后将二次分解后的子序列和子信号按照频率特性进行重构,并将重构功率信号在各个能量源之间重新分配。以E...     

Short- and long-term effects of heavy metals on phosphatase activity in soils: An ecological dose-response model approach

Summary The aim of this study was to provide manageable data to help establish permissible limits for the pollution of soil by heavy metals. Therefore the short-and long-term effects of heavy metal pollution on phosphatase activity was studied in five different soil types. The results are presented graphically as logistic dose-response curves. It was possible to construct a curve for sand and silty loam soil but it was more difficult to establish a curve for sandy loam and clay soil and nearly impossible (except for Cu) for peat. The toxicity of the various metals can be compared on the basis of mmol values. In clay soils, for Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn, the 50% effective ecological dose (ED₅₀) values were comparable (approximately 45 mmol kg^–1), but the ED₁₀ values were very different, at 7.4, 41.4, 15.1, and 0.55, respectively. At the ED₅₀ value, toxicity did not decrease with time and, in sandy soils, was approximately 2.6 mmol kg ^–1 dry soil for Cd, Cu, and Zn. In four out of five soils, the Cd toxicity was higher 1.5 years after the addition of heavy metal salts than after 6 weeks. Toxicity was least in the sandy loam, silty loam, and clay soil, and varied in general between 12 and 88 mmol kg^–1. In setting limits, the criteria selected (no-effect level, ED₁₀ or ED₅₀) determine the concentration and also the toxicity of the sequence. It is suggested that the data presented here could be very useful in helping to set permissible limits for heavy metal soil pollution.     

M85甲醇燃料在EQ6100发动机上应用的试验研究

为了缓解汽车对石油的依赖,改善我国大气污染,适应我国能源开发的需要,对保有量大、应用面广的ＥＱ６１００汽车发动机进行了高掺烧比例甲醇燃料（Ｍ８５）的技术改造和试验研究。通过对原发动机的结构改装和有关参数的调整,试验结果表明Ｍ８５甲醇发动机与原发动机相比,其动力性、经济性和尾气排放均有大幅度的改善和提高。甲醇燃料完全可以在现有改装的汽油机上使用。     

金枪鱼延绳钓船机电混合动力系统节油效果分析

金枪鱼延绳钓渔业是远洋渔业的重要组成部分。金枪鱼延绳钓作业过程包括航行、作业两种完全不同的工况。航行工况时要求航速较高,作业工况时要求航速较低。为了满足这两种工况,采用柴电独立运行(PTH)方式机电混合动力系统。机电混合动力系统由柴油机推进系统与电力推进系统两部分组成。高航速时使用大功率的柴油机模式,低航速时使用小功率的电力推进模式。上海远洋渔业有限公司近两年先后两批次建造了5条装备了PTH方式机电混合动力系统金枪鱼延绳钓船。根据实船测试,在作业期间,不同船型起钩阶段节油25%和8%,航行节油均达14%。通过计算分析,使用PTH方式,机电混合动力系统增加的初始投资成本可通过节油方式在4年内回收。综合节油效果显示,使用电力推进比使用柴油机推进可以节油15%~20%,达到了良好的节能减排、降低运营成本的效果。     

从管理学视角解析高校图书馆流通部工作人员的职业倦怠

职业倦怠是一种广泛流行于服务行业的职业病,其中高校图书馆员是高危人群。就个体而言,其产生的原因各不相同,但是表现出来的症状、消极影响和危害是一致的。尝试从管理学视角解析高校图书馆员的职业倦怠,并试图用有效控制的方法加以矫正。     

黄瓜靶斑病药剂防治持效期的离体研究

离体条件下研究了7种杀菌剂对黄瓜靶斑病病菌防治的持效性。结果表明,不同药剂对病菌菌丝生长抑制的持效期不同。福美双对病菌的抑制效果最好,持效期达15 d以上,15 d后抑菌率仍达85%以上;溴菌腈、苯醚甲环唑、异菌脲对病菌菌丝生长也有较好的抑制效果,持效期也可达15 d;腈苯唑、烯肟菌酯对病菌的抑制效果较差,持效期为7 d;甲基托布津的抑菌效果最差,对病菌菌丝生长几乎没有抑制作用。     

Bearing properties of engineered wood products I: effects of dowel diameter and loading direction

The embedment tests of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) with two moduli of elasticity (MOE; 7.8 GPa and 9.8GPa), parallel strand lumber (PSL), and laminated strand lumber (LSL) were conducted in accordance with ASTM-D 5764. The load-embedment relation for each of these engineered wood products (EWPs) was established. The directional characteristics of bearing strength (_e), initial stiffness (k _e), and effective elastic foundation depth were obtained from the tested results. The effective elastic foundation depth (=E/k _e,E = MOE), based on the theory of a beam on elastic foundation, was obtained from thek _e and MOE. An of 90° (perpendicular to the grain) was calculated by dividingE ₉₀ [MOE of 90° from the compression test, but MOE of 0° (E ₀), parallel to the grain, obtained from the bending test] byk _e90, the initial stiffness of 90°. This study aimed to obtain the bearing characteristics of each EWP, taking into consideration their anisotropic structures, for estimating the fastening strength of a dowel-type fastener. The relations between the bearing coefficients ( _e,k _e,) on the loading direction and dowel diameter were established from the load-embedment curves. Based on the results of the embedment test, tested EWPs showed different tendencies in all directions from wood and glued laminated timber.Part of this study was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

不同地理种群和不同化性亚洲玉米螟的有效积温和存活率的研究

[目的]为了研究不同地理种群和不同化性亚洲玉米螟的有效积温和存活率。[方法]采用直线最优法对采自我国北方不同地区的亚洲玉米螟一化性、二化性、三化性种群的有效积温和存活率进行了研究。[结果]一化性种群有效积温最高,二化性种群次之,三化性种群最低;除成虫外,其它虫态(卵、幼虫和蛹)的发育起点温度均为三化性的最高,二化性居中,一化性最低,成虫则刚好相反。在每一个供试温度(152、02、53、03、5℃)下一化性的存活率最高,二化性次之,三化性最低。[结论]在供试的5个温度梯度中,25℃是亚洲玉米螟发育的最适温度,不同地理种群和不同化性的亚洲玉米螟的生物学特性存在差异。     

THE ESTIMATE OF THE EFFECTIVE FUEL COMBUSTION VALUE OF FOREST COMMUNITY IN THE DAXINGAN MOUNTAIN

FoRESTFUELCoMBUSTIoNVALUECombustionvalueisanimportantparameterofmaterialburningcharacteri-stics.Itmeansthattheheatreleasesfromtheunitofmaterialcompleteburningtocooldownthestartingtemperatureofreactionmaterals(l).Undertheconditionofthesamepressureandenoughoxygeninthecombustor,materialscombustionva1ueisrelatedtotheinnerenergyofthematerialstatefromthebeginningtotheendduringreaction.Thecombustionvaluesuchasmeta1,carbon,hydrogencanbemeasuredaccurate1y.Toforestfuels,theirenergycan'tbethesam…     

辽宁西北部地区森林地被可燃物及其燃烧性的研究

对辽宁西北部地区主要林型地被可燃物种类、组成、载量以及燃烧性进行了研究,结果表明:该区有7种主要常见林型,各种林型下可燃物种类组成和盖度有明显不同,林下可燃物载量变化范围是2.76~29.71 t.hm-2。按地被凋落物的燃烧性测定指标综合分析确定,容易燃烧的林型是油松人工纯林,较易燃烧的林型是樟子松人工纯林、天然栎树疏林、天然杂木林和沙棘人工纯林,不易燃烧的林型是刺槐人工纯林和杨树人工纯林。