鹿茸多肽提取分离纯化及药理作用研究进展

鹿茸多肽具有抗炎、抗氧化、增强免疫并能促进细胞分化、伤口愈合、抑制肿瘤细胞、促进神经系统、周围神经系统组织的再生等药理作用,是鹿茸中最有效的成分之一。文中对鹿茸多肽的提取,分离纯化及药理作用研究进展进行了综述,希望为鹿茸多肽的研究和开发提供参考。     

Evaluation of the carryover effect of antibiotic,bee pollen and propolis on growth performance,carcass traits and splenic and hepatic histology of growing rabbits

Sixty‐four nulliparous female rabbits were distributed among eight groups (eight animals/group). Group one was the unsupplemented control group; the other seven groups were supplemented with zinc bacitracin (ZnB) at 100 mg, or bee pollen (BP) and/or propolis (Pro) at 150 and 300 mg in a capsulated form, three times a week, day after day, continuously all over the experimental period. The experiment was run for eight parties; at each parity, 28 kids of each doe group (a total of 224 rabbits) were divided into two subgroups weaned, respectively, at 24 and 30 days of age. Thus, for each parity, there were 16 groups (eight does treatments × two weaning age, 14 rabbits per group). The growing rabbits fed the standard diets without supplements. The growth performance, the carcass traits, the liver and the spleen histology of rabbits were checked up to 90 days of age to find possible carryover effects of the supplements. The supplements had no significant effect on most of the growth performance at 90 days of age, but BP150 and BP+Pro300 increased the growth rate in comparison with ZnB group. The liver weight in the control, BP300 and Pro300 groups was higher than the ZnB one. The spleen weight was higher in the groups ZnB, BP150, Pro300 and BP+Pro300, followed by the control, BP300 and BP+Pro150 and thus Pro150. The heart % in the BP150 and Pro300 groups was higher than ZnB and BP+Pro150 groups. A lymphoid hyperplasia of splenic white pulp was observed in the BP+Pro groups, while propolis alone showed a mild activation of lymphobiosis. The Pro and BP groups showed the same picture of the control group exhibiting a hydropic degeneration of mostly hepatic cells, while the ZnB group exhibited adverse effect on the bile ducts featuring portal periductal inflammatory cells infiltration with epithelial hyperplasia reflecting chronic cholangitis.     

稻田青蛙种群动态及其作用评价

文中根据稻田青蛙种群密度消长调查和蛙胃解剖内容物的分析,评价了稻田青蛙对主要水稻害虫的控制效果。     

用压力传感器产气技术评定玉米秸秆添补苜蓿的组合效应

采用压力传感器体外产气技术,研究了玉米秸秆添补不同比例0(AH0)、20%(AH20)、40%(AH40)、60%(AH60)、80%(AH80)与100%(AH100)苜蓿(AH)在产气量上的组合效应。各组的组合效应均在24h达到最大值,24h后则随培养时间的延长而下降,但只有AH40组,亦即当苜蓿添加比例占"玉米秸秆-苜蓿"组合的40%时达到显著水准(P<0.05),且以AH40组下降较慢,在48h仍达到显著水准(P<0.05)。就单一的产气指标而言,玉米秸秆添补苜蓿的比例以占整个日粮总量的40%为宜。     

地面灌水技术优化组合节水高产机理研究

对不同地面灌水技术进行优化组合应用,根据全年作物连作的需水特点实施调亏灌溉使土壤水分消长过程在节水高产调控范围内,提高了水分效应,小麦和棉花水分生产效率达１．５３ｋｇ／ｍ３和０．４１ｋｇ／ｍ３的较高水平。同时还对其节水高产机理进行了探讨,为节水高产的地面灌水技术优化组合应用提供了科学依据。     

东阳义乌水权交易的第三方效应及对策研究

运用系统分析方法、比较分析方法和典型案例法,结合东阳义乌地区水权交易的经典案例,着重阐释了水权交易过程中产生的第三方正效应和第三方负效应,提出对水权交易第三方正效应进行多样化补偿和对第三方负效应采取预防、保障、补偿三结合的治理措施,以解决水权交易过程中的公平和效率问题。     

水钾耦合对褐土养分及花生养分累积的影响

为明确水钾耦合对土壤养分含量及花生养分吸收累积量的影响,以花育25为试验材料,采用水分(35%,50%,65%,80%的田间持水量)和钾肥(0,0.15,0.30,0.45g K_2O/kg)2因素4水平随机区组设计,通过遮雨棚盆栽试验探讨水钾耦合下褐土有机质、全量(全氮、全磷和全钾)和速效养分(碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾)含量的变化,以及花生植株养分累积量的差异。结果表明:钾肥用量增加会促进有效氮的吸收;在土壤水分缺乏时,水分胁迫低钾(W_1K_1)和轻度胁迫低钾(W_2K_1)两个处理在土壤全磷含量下降时有效磷含量不降反增,这表明施入少量钾肥有助于旱地磷的释放。施低钾K_1(135kg/hm~2)促进土壤速效钾的增加及土壤养分的平衡,较初始土壤提高0.43~0.59倍,且随钾肥用量的增加而不断升高。相同钾肥用量下,花生植株氮、磷和钾累积量随灌水量的增加均呈上升趋势;氮吸收量仅在水分胁迫时随着钾肥用量的增多而先增后减;除水分充足(W_4)外,在其他灌水处理下植株磷累积量随钾肥用量的增加均表现为先增后降;而钾累积量在各土壤水分下均随钾肥用量的增加呈现低-高-低的变化趋势,最高值均在中钾K_2(270kg/hm~2)处理。花生植株对营养元素的吸收累积与总生物产量和荚果产量相关性均达显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01)水平,总生物量与荚果产量呈极显著(p0.01)相关。综合考虑土壤养分的可持续供应、花生养分的累积和产量形成,建议土壤水分保持在65%FC,钾肥(K_2O)用量控制在135~270kg/hm~2为宜。     

Antifeedant and sublethal effects of imidacloprid on Asian citrus psyllid,Diaphorina citri

BACKGROUND: Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, transmits the causal bacteria of the devastating citrus disease huanglongbing (HLB). Because of the variation in spatial and temporal uptake and systemic distribution of imidacloprid applied to citrus trees and its degradation over time in citrus trees, ACP adults and nymphs are exposed to concentrations that may not cause immediate mortality but rather sublethal effects. The objective of this laboratory study was to determine the effects of sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid on ACP life stages. RESULTS: Feeding by ACP adults and nymphs on plants treated daily with a sublethal concentration (0.1 µg mL^?1) of imidacloprid significantly decreased adult longevity (8 days), fecundity (33%) and fertility (6%), as well as nymph survival (12%) and developmental rate compared with untreated controls. The magnitude of these negative effects was directly related to exposure duration and concentration. Furthermore, ACP adults that fed on citrus leaves treated systemically with lethal and sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid excreted significantly less honeydew (7–94%) compared with controls in a concentration‐dependent manner suggesting antifeedant activity of imidacloprid. CONCLUSIONS: Sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid negatively affect development, reproduction, survival and longevity of ACP, which likely contributes to population reductions over time. Also, reduced feeding by ACP adults on plants treated with sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid may potentially decrease the capacity of ACP to successfully acquire and transmit the HLB causal pathogen. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Optimizing aphid biocontrol with the predator Aphidoletes aphidimyza,based on biology and ecology

Aphidoletes aphidimyza is one of the most important predators used in the augmentative biological control of aphids, key pests of many crops worldwide. Adult females are very efficient in locating aphid infestations over a relatively long range, up to 45 m, and deposit eggs near or within aphid colonies. The predatory larvae are aphid generalists preying on several agriculturally important aphid species. The successful use of this biocontrol agent in agricultural systems depends on several biotic and abiotic factors. Among biotic factors, aphid species, plant structure, interspecific competition and intraguild predation may significantly impact the predator´s population dynamics. Key abiotic conditions include day lengths (above a critical threshold to prevent diapause), availability of mating sites in the crop, temperature (above 15 °C to enable egg laying), air relative humidity (above 70%) and availability of pupation sites. Although several successes have been reported in open field crops with naturally occurring or released populations, commercial releases are primarily used in protected crops. Optimized emergence boxes combining provisioning of food sources for the adults, integration with the technological advances that occurred in the greenhouse environment lately, insights into the nutritional ecology in open field crops and exploration of the genetic variability are proposed as future directions to improve adoption and efficacy of A. aphidimyza in crop protection. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

植物内生枯草芽孢杆菌Em7菌株对葡萄灰霉病菌的抑菌活性

通过室内皿内对峙抑菌试验、分生孢子萌发抑制试验、离体果实接种试验以及电镜技术,研究测定了分离自小麦根部的植物内生枯草芽孢杆菌Em7菌液对葡萄灰霉病菌Botrytiscinerea Pers.的抑制作用及抑菌机理。结果表明:用Em7菌液处理葡萄灰霉病菌后,在PDA培养基上形成了明显的抑菌圈,直径达2.81 cm;菌液对分生孢子萌发的抑制率达到88.65%;经Em7菌液处理后,离体果实病情指数明显低于空白对照,相对防治效果达到78.92%。电镜观察发现,处理组菌丝生长异常,体表凹凸不平,局部膨大成结或缢缩,分枝变多,菌丝体内液泡增多,细胞壁增厚,细胞膜透性发生变化。表明植物内生枯草芽孢杆菌Em7菌株对葡萄灰霉病菌有良好的抑制作用,并且可以有效控制葡萄灰霉病的发生。