干扰素研究进展

干扰素是一类具有广泛生物学活性的蛋白质,具有调节机体免疫功能、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等多种作用,是机体防御系统的重要组成部分。该文主要叙述了干扰素的分类基本特性,作用机理及其在人医和兽医上的应用,并指出了当前干扰素研究中存在的问题。     

生姜群体光台特性的研究

利用田间同化箱对生姜的群体光合特性进行了研究。结果表明，生姜群体光合速率（ＣＰｎ）有明显的季节变化和日变化，随着季节的进展ＣＰｎ呈二次曲线型。ＣＰｎ的日变化呈单峰曲线，峰值出现在中午１２时左右。ＣＰｎ的峰值与旺盛生长季节相吻合。在本试验范围内单位土地面积的ＣＰｎ随ＬＡＩ的增加而增加，若以叶面积计算ＣＰｎ则随叶面积指数（ＬＡＩ）的增加而降低。在田间试验条件下ＣＰｎ随光强和ＣＯ２浓度的增加而增加，在自然光下未测到生姜ＣＰｎ的光饱和点。     

施用多功能生态肥对番茄生长和经济效益的影响

为了解决敦煌市蔬菜品质差、产量低而不稳的疑难问题,为温室蔬菜安全生产提供技术支撑,进行了多功能生态肥对番茄生长和效益的研究。结果表明:多功能生态肥原料间的主次效应(R)是:B(番茄专用肥,R=26.92)A(有机生态肥,R=24.29)C(土壤消毒杀菌剂,R=12.55);最佳配方组合是:m(有机生态肥)∶m(番茄专用肥)∶m(土壤消毒杀菌剂)=0.818 6∶0.177 4∶0.004 0。施用多功能生态肥与施用传统化肥比较,番茄早疫病发病率和可滴定酸分别降低66.67%和28.00%;株高、生长速度、茎粗、地上部分鲜质量和地上部分干质量分别增加4.45%、3.81%、7.61%、8.40%和6.67%;单果质量、单株果质量、产量、可溶性糖和VC含量分别增加6.23%、9.26%、8.82%、27.46%和23.65%;施肥利润和肥料投资效率分别增加1.84×10~4元/hm~2和1.23元/元。在甘肃省敦煌市肃州镇的温室土壤上施用多功能生态肥,改善了番茄品质,提高了番茄的经济效益。     

1株猪源肠道益生菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究

从健康猪肠道中分离出1株对仔猪大肠杆菌病和副伤寒病病原有较强拮抗作用的菌株,命名为W-02,对其进行菌落形态、生理生化特性和16S rDNA系统发育分析,确定该菌株为凝结芽孢杆菌。对该菌株胃肠道耐受特性和安全性进行了研究,结果表明,W-02菌株在人工胃液、人工肠液、猪胆盐和80℃高温表现出很强的耐受能力,急性毒性试验结果表明该菌株为无毒菌株。     

闽东南天然降雨雨滴特征的研究

该文在实测滴谱资料的基础上建立了闽东南地区雨滴大小分布函数。F=1-exp[-(d/3.58I^0.28)^5.19I0.11]并导出了雨滴中数直径、动能与雨强的关系为D₅₀=3.34I^0.29和E=36.04I^0.29。笔者认为两型对雨滴特征是有影响的。     

近40年来托木尔峰南部地区气候及水文环境变化特征

西天山托木尔峰南部地区1987年以来出现了气候由暖干向暖湿转变趋势,在温度大幅上升的基础上,降水量和冰川融水量持续增加,相应的水文与生态环境也发生了显著的改善。本文在综合分析区域内水文、气象观测资料的基础上,对托木尔峰南部地区近40年来气温、降水以及径流量变化的基本趋势、不同海拔高度气温、降水变化差异,以及同一流域山区和平原区径流量变化的差异进行了深入分析。研究表明,受水汽输送途径和研究区地形地貌的影响,区域降水主要集中在托木尔峰南部山区;气候转型的原因是和北大西洋向东输送的水汽增加、西风气流加强有关;海拔2000m左右区域1987年以来气候向暖湿转化最为明显;近40年来由于气温升高,导致冰川消融补给河流量增加15%,但由于人类活动和粗放农业的发展,区域耗水量不断增加,导致塔里木河径流量不断减少,中下游生态环境急剧恶化。     

Effect of a short duration feed withdrawal followed by full feeding on marbling fat in beef carcasses

The effect of feed withdrawal for 48 h, prior to initiation of the finishing (fattening) period (75 d) on carcass marbling fat was studied in 120 European × British cross-bred heifers with an average weight of 585 ± 39 kg. Heifers were randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial design experiment with two dietary management treatments, where half the heifers were provided the feed components of steam rolled barley and barley silage either free choice or as a total mixed ration (TMR) containing 87% steam rolled barley and 13% barley silage with ad libitum vitamins and minerals via salt blocks for all animals. Within each dietary management treatment, 30 heifers were denied feed (water was available) for 48 h prior to the two week adaptation to the high grain diet preceding the 75 d finishing period. At the end of the 48 h feed denial blood samples were collected from the jugular vein prior to feeding for determination of glucose and insulin concentrations, which indicated that 48 h feed withdrawal consistently decreased (P = 0.0001) plasma concentrations of both glucose and insulin but the ratios of the concentrations of glucose to insulin were not affected. At slaughter samples of subcutaneous fat from the brisket (BF) and skirt muscle (pars costalis diaphragmatis; PCD) were procured for determination of chemical fat content, fat dissected from the muscle and for enumeration of adipocytes, less than 35 μm in diameter and to determine the average cell size in the dissected fat and from the BF by flow-cytometry of adipocytes fixed in osmium tetroxide. The carcass characteristics were also obtained. Although no differences due feed withdrawal for 48 h were evident for carcass weight, percent lean (saleable) meat yield, rib eye area, average fat cover, fat content of PCD or BF, the US marbling score was increased (P = 0.048) and the amount of dissected fat from the muscle tended to be higher (P = 0.107), thus 81% of the carcasses graded “US Choice” or “Canada AAA,” or displayed at least a “small” amount of intramuscular fat as compared (P = 0.0807) to 68% of the heifers not denied feed. Based on more than three years of weekly prices of carcasses that graded “Canada AAA” and “Canada AA,” these experimental results suggested that the expected price of a finished heifer could increase by $4.61 Canadian if a 48 h feed withdrawal was imposed prior to initiation of the finishing phase. Although significant differences in adipocyte numbers due to a single time 48 h feed withdrawal prior to initiation of the finishing phase were not detected, the carcass quality factors were affected leading to an odds ratio of 1.84 times in favour of cattle carcasses to grade “Canada AAA” than if fed continuously.     

Carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.) improve growth performance,antioxidant status and caecal characteristics in growing rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate carob pods and their effect on growth performance, antioxidant activities, carcass and caecal characteristics and equilibrium modification of the caecal microbiota population of growing NZW rabbits. Eighty weaned rabbits (initial body weight: 625.00 ± 26.46 g) were randomly allocated into four dietary groups of 20 rabbits each until 90 days of age. Dietary groups were as follows: C (basal diet with no supplementation), CP1 (basal diet + 2.5% carob pods), CP2 (basal diet + 5% carob pods) and CP3 (basal diet + 10% carob pods). Rabbits given the CP2 diet had significantly higher daily and final body weights compared with the other experimental groups. The increase in inclusion rate of carob pods significantly decreased feed intake, whereas carob pods at 5% in the CP2 group recorded the best value of feed conversion ratio. Rabbits in the CP3 group showed the worst slaughter weight and carcass dressing percentage weight. No significant effect was found on meat protein and ash contents. Cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein and triglycerides decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in rabbits treated with carob pods compared with the control. Because of high content of the antioxidant compounds in CP2 and CP3 groups, the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S‐transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase increased, whereas the concentration of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance decreased significantly. Rabbits given the CP2 diet had a significantly higher volatile fatty acid concentration and a lower pH in content of the caecum compared to the other groups. The data of microbial analysis for C group showed a significant increase in Escherichia coli and Clostridium counts. Lactobacillus and Bacillus counts increased significantly more in the CP2 and CP3 groups than in the other groups. In conclusion, 5% of carob pods in the diet stimulated the performance of growing rabbits, and thus, it has potential as an unconventional feed resource for rabbits without any adverse effects.     

产纤维素酶解淀粉芽胞杆菌分离株的生物学特性研究

对发酵黄芪样品中分离的1株产纤维素酶解淀粉芽胞杆菌的生物学特性进行了检测,试验结果表明,菌株在10℃~60℃环境均能生长,最适生长温度为35℃~40℃。pH5.0~8.0培养基均适宜菌株生长,其中最适pH为6.0。在37℃环境200r/min振荡培养的生长曲线在0~4h为延迟期,4h~12h为对数期,12h~24h为稳定期,24h以后为衰亡期。细菌37℃培养32h开始产生芽胞,在培养72h时芽胞形成率达到80.67%。菌株对多数抗菌药物敏感,且安全性良好。该菌株适应性强,生长条件较为宽松,这为其开发应用提供了依据。     

野生甘草资源植冠种子库特性的初步研究

甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)是荒漠地区具有植冠种子库的植物。成熟种子硬实率高达80%以上[1],自然条件下种子萌发率很低(约为5%-15%)[2]。本文研究了荒漠区野生甘草植冠种子库大小、种子活力、对土壤种子库的补充、种子脱落机理及植冠种子库的生态功能,指出野生甘草资源植冠种子库在甘草资源保护和恢复方面的重要作用。