“一带一路”背景下农业类本科生外语素养的培养研究——基于项目式学习理论

随着“一带一路”倡议的不断推进,农学人才在逐渐加深的中国与沿线国家农业合作中的重要性日渐凸显。在此背景下,国家对农业类人才的要求也越来越高,仅掌握农业类专业技术的人才已不能很好地适应新时代的农业发展要求,英语素养成为农学人才的必备的语言能力。本文从提升农学本科生英语素养的重要性出发,分析目前农学本科生外语教学现状,并结合项目式学习理论探索提升农学本科生外语素养的途径,旨在为培养具有较高外语素养的应用型农学人才提供可行建议。     

周晓平(宁化县县属国有林场,福建,宁化365400)

近些年来宁化县非常注重高质量、高品位绿色发展要求,保护好绿水青山才能成就金山银山的经营理念不断向纵深推进,人们对乡土树种越来越倍加珍惜,因此急需加快乡土树种栽培与保护。本文从乡土树种林业内涵展开分析,阐述了乡土树种在宁化县生态恢复过程中的作用,主要从乡土树种具有生长快_^[1]、适应性强、病虫害少、用途多、改良土壤性强、森林植物群落多样性丰富、林分生产力强、再生繁衍能力强等方面深入探索,从而证明了乡土树种在树种优选方面的重要作用。     

Agroforestry techniques for the rehabilitation of degraded salt-affected lands in India

The development of appropriate technologies for the judicious use of India's 8.11 million ha of salt-affected lands would give increased food, fodder and fuelwood production. A sizeable portion of the salt-affected lands of the Indo-Gangetic plain have been reclaimed through chemical amendments and are being commercially used for arable farming. However, large areas of salt-affected common lands, village and government lands and waste lands near cities, along railway tracks and roads do not have any productive use. Owing to their sparse vegetative cover such lands are vulnerable to further degradation and can be a source of runoff causing floods, especially where cows congregate. Research at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal has generated agroforestry techniques which could enable the economic exploitation of such marginal lands. This paper deals with various aspects of these techniques, which have been applied to over 50 000 ha by 1994. Based on eight to ten years of growth and biomass figures, the most salt-tolerant woody species identified were: Prosopis juliflora, Acacia nilotica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Tamarix articulata, Leptochloa fusca (a palatable forage grass which was found to be a promising primary colonizer of salt lands). Agronomic practices for the successful establishment of trees such as planting methods, amendment use, irrigation, spacing and lopping schedules are discussed. A Prosopis juliflora-leptochloa fusca silvipastoral model was found to be excellent for fuelwood and forage production and for the amelioration of high pH soils. This system, when followed for little more than four years, reclaims alkali soils to such an extent that normal agriculture crops such as Trifolium alexandrinum and T. resupinatum can be grown successfully. A ridge-trench system of tree planting was found to be helpful in alkali soils, the in situ rainwater conservation it led to assisting biomass production. Eucalyptus tereticornis, Populus deltoides and Tectona grandis based agroforestry were promising for reclaimed salt-affected lands. The short- and long-term effects of various tree plantations on the physicochemical properties of the soil and on soil-water relations are also discussed. Agroforestry options for the development of salt-affected lands found in various agroclimatic zones of India are explored.     

数字林业在天然林保护工程中的应用研究

本文阐述了数字林业的概念及涵义,指出其最初的切入点是国家林业局提出的六大林业生态工程。针对天然林保护工程的现状,提出用数字林业技术解决其存在的问题,构建了基于3S技术的天然林保护工程管理地理信息系统,使天然林保护工程的管理步入规范化、科学化、现代化的轨道。     

“一带一路”沿线分区用水结构与产业结构的分析比较

“一带一路”沿线用水结构与产业结构的分析,对支撑沿线区域发展意义重大。基于“一带一路”主体水资源区分区及用水研究,采用赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数（HHI指数）分析了“一带一路”产业用水量和GDP的地理集中度,采取用水结构指数和产业结构指数分析了分区用水结构及产业结构的差异,应用洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数对“一带一路”全区用水量与GDP的匹配度进行研究,计算了“一带一路”分区基于数列的用水量与GDP匹配度。结果表明：① “一带一路”第一产业用水量和GDP产值的集中度在三大产业中均为最高,主要集中在东亚、西亚、南亚和东南亚;② 不同分区分产业用水量和GDP产值占各分区总量的比值,在空间分布差异上从大到小依次为第一、第三、第二产业;③ “一带一路”全区第三产业用水结构与GDP产值匹配度最差,南亚是第一产业和第三产业匹配度最差的分区。分析成果有助于系统了解“一带一路”区域用水和产业结构的基本情况,为深入分析分区水资源与经济社会关系提供指导。     

新时期森林资源保护存在的问题与解决对策

森林资源作为国家的重要自然资源,不仅能够创造经济效益,还可以调节整个生态系统.伴随公众环保意识的日益增强,森林资源保护工作受到了社会的广泛关注,国家也采取了一系列措施加强森林资源的保护管理.然而从现实来看森林资源保护工作仍面临着不少问题需要解决.为此,就当前森林资源保护管理存在的主要问题进行了分析,探讨了有效的应对策略...     

云南宝台山国家森林公园森林资源现状分析

为掌握云南宝台山国家森林公园的森林资源特点,并为制定森林公园的森林资源保护与利用规划提供依据,对该公园2019年森林资源监测数据进行了分析.结果 表明:该森林公园林地面积占公园总面积的99.4％,森林覆盖率高达90.50％.林地以有林地为主,面积占比为90.9％.森林起源以天然为主,面积占比为77.8％;人工起源为辅....     

Responses of Chilean forest birds to anthropogenic habitat fragmentation across spatial scales

Although it is recognized that anthropogenic forest fragmentation affects habitat use by organisms across multiple spatial scales, there is uncertainty about these effects. We used a hierarchical sampling design spanning three spatial scales of habitat variability (landscape > patch > within-patch) and generalized mixed-effect models to assess the scale-dependent responses of bird species to fragmentation in temperate forests of southern Chile. The abundances of nine of 20 bird species were affected by interactions across spatial scales. These interactions resulted in a limited effect of within-patch habitat structure on the abundance of birds in landscapes with low forest cover, suggesting that suitable local habitats, such as sites with dense understory cover or large trees, are underutilized or remain unused in highly fragmented landscapes. Habitat specialists and cavity-nesters, such as tree-trunk foragers and tapaculos, were most likely to exhibit interactions across spatial scales. Because providing additional sites with dense understory vegetation or large habitat trees does not compensate the negative effect of the loss of forest area on bird species, conservation strategies should ensure the retention of native forest patches in the mixed-use landscapes.     

北京市小龙门国家森林公园大型真菌名录

北京市小龙门国家森林公园大型真菌资源丰富。在保护区内共采集标本212号,鉴定出47种,隶属于2个门、7个目、20个科、47个种。     

林业上市公司林木资产会计信息披露的改良研究

对林业上市公司林木资产会计信息的披露现状进行了分析,指出会计信息披露中存在明晰性不强、缺乏风险应对战略、披露过于随意等.在此基础上,对会计信息披露现存问题进行了研究,研究表明,缺乏专业人才、林木资产的特殊性、相关法规的缺失等是主要因素.最后提出了健全林业上市公司林木资产会计信息披露的相关对策,即加强政府监督、完善企业内控、推进专业人员培训等.