Homozygosity of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3′ region of the canine estrogen receptor 1 gene is greater in Toy Poodles than in Miniature Dachshunds and Chihuahuas

Differences in the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the estrogen receptor α gene (ESR1) were examined in Miniature Dachshunds (n = 48), Chihuahuas (n = 20) and Toy Poodles (n = 18). Five DNA fragments located in the 40‐kb region at the 3′ end of ESR1 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and were directly sequenced. We compared allele, genotype and estimated haplotype frequencies at each SNP in the 3′ end of ESR1 for these three breeds of small dog. The frequency of the major allele and the genotype frequency of the major allele homozygotes, were significantly higher in Toy Poodles for five SNPs (SNP #5, #14–17) than in Miniature Dachshunds, and significantly higher in Toy Poodles than Chihuahuas for three SNPs (SNP #15–17). A common haplotype block was identified in an approximately 20‐kb region encompassing four SNPs (SNPs # 14–17). The frequencies of the most abundant estimated haplotype (GTTG) and GTTG homozygotes were significantly higher in Toy Poodles than in the other two breeds. These results imply that homozygosity for the allele, genotype and haplotype distribution within the block at the 3′ end of ESR1 is greater in Toy Poodles than in Miniature Dachshunds and Chihuahuas.     

黔东南小香鸡ESR1基因多态性及其与产蛋性状的相关性

为黔东南小香鸡的品种选育提供理论依据,采用PCR-SSCP分析和DNA测序方法,检测了雌激素受体1(ESR1)基因的多态性,并分析其与黔东南小香鸡产蛋性状的相关性。结果表明:黔东南小香鸡ESR1基因In1位点处于高度多态,In4位点处于中度多态,在In1、In4形成单链构型多态性,偏离HardyWeinberg平衡。在In1位点,开产日龄T1T2与T1T3、T3T3基因型个体间差异显著,平均连产天数T1T2与T1T1基因型个体间差异显著,200日龄产蛋数T1T2与T1T3、T1T1基因型个体间差异显著;开产体重T1T1与T1T3基因型个体间差异极显著,与T3T3基因型个体间差异显著。在In4位点,开产日龄、200日龄产蛋数DD与CC基因型个体间差异显著     

CCA防腐处理对木材表面特性影响的探讨

本文介绍用ESR,ESCA,IR等仪器对经CCA处理的意大利杨I_(214)(P.XeuramricanaDode I_(214)) 材的表面特性进行探讨,指出经CCA处理后的表面发生一定程度的氧化,产生一定量的自由基。而这种氧化作用却有利于抑制表面的光化学降解,即使在较强的紫外光幅射下,它的ESR,ESCA,IR等谱图变化都不大。而素材经光照后,这三种谱图均有较大的变化,这就是说CCA处理后的木材耐侯性得到了增强。     

Evidence from electron-spin resonance for the formation of free radicals during infection of Avena sativa by Drechslera spp.

When the spin trap 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulphonate (tiron) is present in intercellular washing fluids of oat leaves inoculated with the highly virulent Drechslera avenae and Drechslera siccans an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of four lines is obtained. The development of chlorosis and necrotic lesions coincided with the detection of the ESR signal indicative of oxygen radicals 62 h post inoculation. With the weakly virulent Drechslera graminea and Drechslera nobleae no ESR signal was detectable. Non-specific elicitors from mycelium of compatible and incompatible Drechslera spp. did not mediate an oxygen reduction in the intercellular space of oat leaflets. Consequently, these data suggest that oxygen radicals may trigger plant cellular necrosis.     

ESR、OPN和RBP4基因多态性对大白猪繁殖性状的影响

为了探讨雌激素受体（estrogen receptor,ESR）、骨桥蛋白（osteopontin,OPN）和视黄醇结合蛋白4（retinol binding proteins 4,RBP4）的多态性对大白猪繁殖性状的影响,本研究采用PCR-RFLP技术检测试验猪群ESR、OPN和RBP4基因的多态性,并分析其对大白猪总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、窝重、初生重、死胎、木乃伊、弱仔数和畸形数等性状的影响。结果显示,在大白经产母猪中,ESR和OPN基因的优势基因为A等位基因,RBP4基因的优势基因为B等位基因;ESR基因AB与BB基因型在总产仔数、产活仔数性状上均高于AA基因型;OPN基因在总产仔数性状上AA基因型最高,在产活仔数、健仔数、窝重性状上均为BB > AA > AB;RBP4基因在总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、窝重性状上均为AA > BB > AB;合并基因型分析发现ESR-RBP4最优的分子标记组合为ABAA;OPN-RBP4最优的分子标记组合为BBAA。因此,ESR、OPN和RBP4基因多态性与大白猪繁殖性状相关。     

安徽宣州黄棕色土和第四纪红土的比较研究及其古气候意义

通过地貌和型面的考察和研究,发现安徽宣州地黄棕色土的层序位于第四纪红土层之上。用ＥＳＲ测年法测得黄棕色土年龄约为８０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．,红土年龄 ２４０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．,。对这两种成土母质的各项理化性状和磁化率指标进行比较研究,发现黄棕色土受风化作用的程度不如第四纪红土。     

Effect of water quality on exchange phase — solution phase behavior of three soils

The effect of total electrolyte concentration (TEC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of water on ESR‐SAR relationships of clay (Typic Haplustert), clay loam (Vertic Haplustept) and silt loam (Lithic Haplorthent) soils was studied in a laboratory experiment. Twenty four solutions, encompassing four TEC levels viz., 5, 10, 20, and 50 mmol_c l^—1 and six SAR levels viz., 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 mmol^1/2l^—1/2 were synthesized to equilibrate the soil samples using pure chloride salts of calcium, magnesium, and sodium at Mg:Ca = 1:2. SAR of equilibrium solution decreased as compared to the equilibrating solution and more so in waters of low salt concentration and high SAR. At low electrolyte concentration, high SAR values were not attained in the equilibrium solution because of addition of calcium and magnesium from the mineral dissolution and from the exchange phase. Irrespective of TEC, exchangeable sodium in all the soils increased by about 4.5 to 5‐fold and irrespective of SAR, it increased by about 1.4‐ to 1.8‐fold. A positive interaction of TEC and SAR influenced the ESP build‐up and CEC played a major role in the visual disparity in sodication of these soils. At higher TEC levels, considerable increase in ESP was observed when it was corrected for anion exclusion and more so in silt loam followed by clay loam and clay soils. The values for Gapons' constant were in the range 0.0110—0.0176, 0.0142—0.0246, and 0.0189—0.0344 mmol^—1/2l^1/2 in clay, clay loam, and silt loam soils, respectively. Increase in TEC from 5 to 50 mmol_c l^—1 resulted in 5.84, 8.33, and 9.77 % decrease in Gapons' constant of clay, clay loam, and silt loam soils, respectively. The soils exhibited differential affinity for Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ or Na⁺ under different quality waters. Regression coefficients of ESR‐SAR relationship were lower for low TEC as compared with high TEC waters. The exchange equilibrium was strongly affected by TEC of the solution phase. Variation in soil pH was gradual with respect to TEC and SAR of equilibrating solution and no sharp change was observed. Soluble salt concentration was doubled upon equilibration with low salt waters at all SAR levels in all the soils. However, the salt concentration remained unchanged upon equilibration with high salt waters. Considering pH 8.5 a boundary between soil salinity and sodicity, ESP values attained at TEC 5 mmol_c l^—1 were 7.34, 8.02, and 14.32 for clay, clay loam, and silt loam soils, respectively.     

ESR与PRLR基因对民猪产仔数的影响

采用PCR－SSCP，检测ESR与PRLR基因的多态性，并采用混合模型统计了基因型与表型值（产仔数）的相关性，分析了民猪ESR与PRLR基因各基因型及其合并基因型对民猪产仔数性状的影响。结果表明：就民猪总产仔数、活产仔数的最小二乘均值而言：ESR基因基因型间，AB型较AA和BB高，差异不显著（P＞0.05）；PRLR基因基因型间，AA＞BB＞AB，差异也不显著（P＞0.05）；两基因的互作效应显著（P＜0.05），其中ESR与PRLR基因的合并基因型AAAA为最佳的合并基因型（P＜0.05）。     

基因突变与羊乏情关系的研究

选取了连续10个月未出现发情的湖羊和正常羊作为研究对象,提取其基因组DNA,对ESR基因设计了2对引物并采用PCR-SSCP技术检测,同时对GDF9基因的FecGH和BMP15基因的FecXG和FecXB3个突变位点设计了3对引物进行PCR-RFLP检测,以获取乏情与基因突变的关系。结果发现:引物1、引物2和引物3所扩增产物均为AA型,在引物4对正常羊和繁殖障碍羊进行SSCP结果中发现2种羊的基因型完全相同均为BB型,而在引物5进行扩增并做SSCP分析发现2种羊的基因型为CC型和DD型,正常羊CC基因型所占比例为38%,DD基因型为62%,而繁殖障碍羊的CC基因型所占比例为41%,DD为59%,正常羊和乏情羊都仅存在这2种基因型而且所占比例基本相同,差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究结果初步表明,造成乏情的原因与这几种基因没有直接关系。     

Antioxidant and scavenger activities of Allium ursinum

The antioxidative properties of bulb, leaf and stalk of Allium ursinum were investigated. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase), quantities of malonyldialdehyde, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and reduced glutathione and also the contents of total flavonoids, chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids were determined. The extracts from all plant organs exhibited antioxidant activity, the highest having been observed in the leaves. Furthermore, ESR signal of PBN-OH radical adducts in the presence of leaves phosphate buffer (pH 7) extract was reduced for 87.61%.