Study on the Effect of ESR and FSH β Genes on Litter Size in Local Northeast Three Pig Breeds

The method of PCR-RFLP was used to analyze the effects of ESR and FSH β genotypes on the litter size, especially the corresponding changes with the difference of genotype distributions in the Min, Sanjiang and Junmu I pigs. The results show that the ESR and FSH β genes are the major genes of litter size ; the heterozygous genotype for ESR as well as for FSH β locus has a more litter size than others. However, the combined genotype ABDD means a more litter size than other genotypes,the frequencies of the heterozygous genotypes in Sanjlang and Junmu I are lower than in Min which maybe one of the most important reasons for the little litter sizes of those two breeds.     

Origin of free radicals produced from the syringyl end groups in lignins

Enzyme lignin was prepared from reed; it was acid-hydrolyzed and reduced with NaBH₄. Spin concentrations of radicals produced by oxidation of the lignins with K₃[Fe(CN)₆] or H₂O₂ were determined from electron spin resonance spectra. The radicals were observed by the oxidation of sinapyl alcohol. It was found that the two radicals observed by the oxidation of dioxane lignins were deprotonated 2,6-dimethoxyp-benzosemiquinone and 6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-p-benzosemiquinone, and that they were produced from syringyl end groups. The production rate of radicals from syringyl end groups possessing an-carbonyl group was greater than that possessing an-hydroxyl group. It was suggested that stilbene-type syringyl end groups were produced from phenylcoumaran moieties in lignins by acidolysis. The radicals produced from guaiacyl end groups were not observed by the oxidation process.     

无胶杨木中密度纤维板工艺和结合机理的初步研究

本研究以杨木为原料,NaOH、HNO_3、H_2O_2作活化剂制造无胶中密度纤维板(MDF)。在实验参数范围内,通过数学分析得到了最优工艺条件;在温度变化条件下用电子自旋共振波谱测得的自由基浓度及其变化,对无胶胶合的结合机理进行了初步探讨。     

美系大白猪雌激素受体基因多态性与繁殖性状的相关分析

研究将ESR基因作为母猪繁殖性状候选基因,进行多态性检测和相关分析,旨在为大白猪的分子标记辅助选择提供依据。试验采用PCR-RFLP方法分析了451头美系大白母猪ESR基因的多态性,以及多态性与总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重间的相关性,并分析ESR基因对繁殖性状的效应。结果表明:ESR基因在该美系大白猪中分布处于哈德-温伯格不平衡状态。在头胎中,AA型个体总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重分别为10.47头、9.90头和13.79 kg,均高于BB型个体的9.78头(P0.01)、9.01头(P0.05)和12.41 kg(P0.05);AA型个体的3个性状均高于AB型,但均差异不显著(P0.05);AB型个体的总产仔数和初生窝重分别为10.32头和13.45 kg,均显著高于BB型个体(P0.05),AB型个体产活仔数为9.60头,高于BB型,但差异不显著(P0.05)。经产(2~5胎)AA型个体的总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重分别为11.55头、11.03头和16.53 kg,均高于AB型个体的11.07头(P0.05)、10.44头(P0.01)、15.67 kg(P0.05),且极显著高于BB型个体(10.82头、10.02头和15.17 kg)。ESR基因的A等位基因对繁殖性状均具有正的加性效应。ESR基因AA型在美系大白猪中为有利基因型,A等位基因为有利等位基因。该位点可用于美系大白猪的育种中,在种猪选育时提高ESR基因的A等位基因频率可以提高产仔数和初生窝重。     

Compositional and functional features of humic acids from organic amendments and amended soils in Minnesota, USA

The use of organic amendments requires an adequate control of the chemical quality of their humic acid (HA)-like fractions and of the effects that these materials may have on the status, quality, chemistry and functions of native soil HAs. In this work, the compositional, functional and structural properties of the HA-like fractions isolated from a liquid swine manure (LSM), a municipal sewage sludge (SS), and two municipal solid waste composts (MSWCs) were evaluated in comparison to those of HAs isolated from three unamended soils and from the corresponding soils amended with LSW, SS, and MSWC at various rates in three field plot experiments conducted in Minnesota, USA. With respect to the unamended soil HAs, the HA-like fractions of the three amendments featured a greater aliphatic character, a marked presence of proteinaceous, S-containing and polysaccharides-like structures, an extended molecular heterogeneity, small organic free radical contents and a small degree of humification. The MSWC-HAs featured a larger degree of humification than LSM-HA and SS-HA. The three amendments affected in different ways and by various extents the compositional, structural and functional properties of soil HAs depending upon the nature, origin and application rate of the amendment. In general, the data obtained suggested that proteinaceous, S-containing and aliphatic structures contained in HA-like fractions of organic amendments were partially incorporated into native soil HAs.     

Chemical characteristics of surfaces of hardwood and softwood deteriorated by weathering

The factors that cause weather-induced deterioration of wood surfaces were determined by chemical and spectroscopic analyses. Albizzia (Paraserianthes falcata Becker.) and sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) were exposed to two temperate conditions of natural weathering with and without rainfall and to accelerated conditions of artificial weathering coupled with ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation and water flashing. Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed that the oxidative reaction of lignin was observed under all conditions of weathering for both wood species. However, a marked decrease in lignin and hemicellulose content were recognized when albizzia woods were exposed to weathering with water. Lignin content in the softwood sugi did not decrease as much as in albizzia even in the presence of water, but the modification of lignin macromolecules was assumed to be accelerated by water, as seen by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. These results showed that the presence of water promotes the weathering deterioration of wood under UV irradiation.     

感染灰斑病大豆叶组织的自由基代谢

作者以电子自旋共振技术(ESR)为手段对大豆感染灰斑病后叶内自由基代谢的变化进行了研究。结果表明,不同品种病叶内的自由基浓度均远远高于正常叶片,感病品种显著高于抗病品种。病斑周围绿色组织的自由基浓度基本上与正常组织相同,但近病斑组织自由基浓度却明显高于正常组织。病致黄化组织与自然黄化组织相比,前者自由基浓度更高。因此,自由基浓度的高低与组织的病理状态和品种的抗病性有密切关系。     

庄河大骨鸡ESR基因多态性及其与产蛋性能关联的分析研究

为了探究庄河大骨鸡ESR基因的多态性与产蛋性能相关联的分子遗传标记,为庄河大骨鸡的选育奠定理论基础。以庄河大骨鸡为试验材料,利用PCR-SSCP标记技术分析了ESR基因的5′侧翼序列。结果表明：ESR基因在庄河大骨鸡中存在3种基因型,即：CC型、CD型和DD型,3种基因型的频率分别为：0.245、0.335、0.42,C基因和D基因频率为0.4125和0.5875;CC型的产蛋数、蛋料比显著高于其他2种基因型,差异显著(P<0.05),开产周龄、体重、产蛋高峰期和蛋重3种基因型间差异不显著(P>0.05)。ESR基因的CC型对鸡的产蛋性能有显著影响,但是否能作为庄河大骨鸡选育的重要理论依据还有待进一步研究。     

Synthesis, spectral characterization and antimicrobial activity of some transition metal(II) complexes with acetone p-amino acetophenone benzoylhydrazone

Complexes of the type [M(apabh)Cl] and [M(Hapabh)(H₂O)SO₄], where M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II); Hapabh = acetone p-amino acetophenone benzoylhydrazone have been synthesized and characterized. Electronic spectra and μ_eff values suggest a square planar geometry for Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) chloride complexes, whereas, octahedral geometry for the sulfato complexes. ESR data show isotropic spectra for [Cu(apabh)Cl] and axial spectra for [Cu(Hapabh)(H₂O)SO₄] and d_x²_−y² as the ground state for both Cu(II) complexes. The ligand acts as tridentate monobasic in all chloro complexes bonding through two >CN and a deprotonated enolate groups, whereas tridentate neutral in all sulfato complexes coordinating through two >CN and a >CO groups. Thermal analysis (TGA & DTA) of [Ni(apabh)Cl] complex shows a multi-step exothermic decomposition pattern. The complexes show a significant antifungal activity against Rizoctonia sp., Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. and a considerably fair antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp. and Clostridium sp. The activity increases at higher concentration of the compound.     

有机锗对人工感染vMDV雏鸡体内自由基代谢的影响

将由富锗种蛋孵出的富锗雏鸡和普通雏鸡分别进行分组，作１日龄时人工感染ｖＭＤＶ和每公斤日粮中添加１００ｍｇＧｅ－１３２２种处理，于１、１５、３０、６０日龄时采取血液和部分组织器官，应用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）法检测自由基含量。结果表明：富锗雏鸡１日龄时血液和各组织的自由基含量均明显低于普通雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０１）；人工感染ｖＭＤＶ雏鸡血液和组织的自由基含量明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；人工感染ｖＭＤＶ的富锗雏鸡同时继续喂含Ｇｅ－１３２饲料能明显持续地降低血液和组织中的自由基含量。本试验证实有机锗是鸡体有效的自由基清除剂，同时提示鸡体自由基代谢的变化对ＭＤ及其肿瘤病变有密切的发病学关系