高钢级管道环焊缝主要特征及安全性评价

环焊缝是长输管道的重要组成部分,其失效是载荷、缺陷、局部断裂韧性、强度匹配、焊缝几何结构及残余应力等因素相互作用所致,且高钢级管道因焊接技术难度增大,也增加了环焊缝失效的可能性。基于此,分析了环焊缝的载荷、缺陷及强度匹配特征,揭示了低匹配环焊缝或热影响区软化环焊缝的应变集中机理,阐释了环焊缝的脆性断裂、屈服前净截面垮塌、屈服后净截面垮塌及母材颈缩4种失效模式,比较了GB/T 19624-2019、BS 7910-2015、API 579-1/ASME FFS-1-2016、API 1104-2013等国内外标准对环焊缝安全性评价的适用性,提出了基于应变的环焊缝安全性评价方法,讨论了裂纹尺寸、强度匹配系数等因素对环焊缝裂纹驱动力的影响。研究指出:明确环焊缝的载荷或位移是其安全性评价的前提,提高环焊缝的应变能力可以增强高钢级管道对于不良地质条件的适应性,建议开展环焊缝裂纹缺陷产生和扩展机制研究,并发展基于应变的断裂理论,优化环焊缝的强度匹配,定量环焊缝的应变能力与焊缝几何特性及力学性能参数的关系。(图9,表2,参33)     

欢迎订阅2021年《畜牧与兽医》

《畜牧与兽医》月刊由教育部主管、南京农业大学主办。1935年创刊,由原中央大学畜牧兽医系编辑出版,著名兽医学家罗清生教授任主编,至今已有85年的办刊历史。始终遵循"为社会服务,为畜牧生产服务"和"理论与实践相结合,普及与提高并举"的办刊宗旨。本刊连续入选中国科技核心期刊(中国科技论文统计源期刊)、《中文核心期刊要目总览》,先后荣获华东地区优秀期刊、江苏期刊方阵双效期刊、江苏省优秀科技期刊、全国高校优秀期刊、全国畜牧兽医类优秀期刊等,在历次江苏省期刊质量评估和分级工作中均被评为一级期刊。     

云南省野猪源猪瘟病毒E2及5'NTR基因序列测定分析

猪瘟（CSF）是由猪瘟病毒（CSFV）感染猪引起的一种急性、热性、接触性传染病,严重危害我国养猪业健康稳定发展。本研究采用RT-PCR方法,对从云南省宁洱县2头病死野猪体内分离到的2株CSFV毒株进行了E2及5''NTR基因扩增、克隆及序列测定;采用DNAMAN、MEGA6等分子生物学软件,对测得的序列与国内外参考毒株进行了同源性分析及系统发育分析。结果显示：2株野猪源CSFV株E2、5''NTR基因同源性分别为87.2%、100%,与国内外参考毒株同源性分别为81.0%~97.6%、93.6%~98.5%,与我国强毒株Shimen株的同源性分别为81.0%~81.2%、95.6%;2株野猪源CSFV毒株E2基因属于基因2.1亚型,5''NTR基因属于基因2.3亚型。氨基酸序列分析显示：其中一株分离毒株的E2基因有6个氨基酸具有2.1d分子变异特征,另一株兼有2.1d和2.1b亚型分支特征,可能是2.1b和2.1d亚型的过渡毒株。结果表明,云南省野猪源CSFV虽存在一定的遗传衍化,但总体比较稳定。本研究为云南省CSF防控提供了分子流行病学依据,为进一步做好分子变异等研究奠定了基础。     

维生素E的生物学功能及其在猪生产上的应用

维生素E又被称作生育酚,是脂溶性维生素家族中的一员.维生素E在动物体中具有多种生物学功能,其中最主要的功能是抗氧化,其次维生素E还具有提高动物生产性能、免疫性能、抗应激以及提高动物繁殖性能的作用.维生素E对仔猪、公猪、母猪以及育肥猪均有较为重要的影响,在猪饲粮中添加一些维生素E对猪的各项指标均有良好的作用.本文主要从维生素E的生物学功能以及对猪各项指标的影响来阐述维生素E在猪生产上的应用,以期为维生素E在猪生产上的应用提供指导.     

Effect of Se and VE Supplement on Semen Quality,Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Heat Shock Protein Expression of Goat in High Temperature Season

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of selenium and vitamin E supplement on semen quality, antioxidant enzyme activities and heat shock protein expression of goat in Hainan high temperature season.16 adult Hainan Black goat with good health and approximate weight were randomly divided into 4 groups, fed with basal diet(control group), basal diet+0.5 mg/kg Se(Se group), basal diet+100 mg/kg VE(VE group), and basal diet+0.5 mg/kg Se+100 mg/kg VE(Se+VE group), respectively.The experimental period was 93 d.Semen samples were collected in the last week of the experiment on two consecutive days.The semen quality, antioxidant enzyme activities and heat shock protein expression were analyzed.The results showed that compared with control group, the ejaculate volume was not significantly affected by Se or VE supplement(P>0.05).Sperm density and sperm motility were increased significantly by Se and VE supplement(P<0.05), and the abnormal rate was decreased extremely significantly(P<0.01).The goats fed with Se and VE also had higher activities of GSH-Px(P<0.01), SOD(P<0.05), CAT(P<0.05) and T-AOC(P<0.01), and lower MDA concentration in seminal plasma(P<0.05).The relative expression levels of HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA in supplement groups were decreased extremely significantly(P<0.01).However, there were some certain differences between the Se and VE supplement groups on semen quality and heat shock protein expression.In conclusion, the supplementation of Se and VE could help to improve goat semen quality by increasing the sperm density, sperm motility, the antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreasing the abnormal rate in hot season of Hainan.Finally, Se and VE supplement had good effects on relieving the environment heat stress.     

Prokaryotic Expression and Antigenicity Analysis of Porcine Japenese Encephalitis Virus Envelope Protein Domain Ⅲ

In order to analyze the antigenicity of porcine Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) E protein domain Ⅲ, which was expressed by pET-28a vector with His-tag and purified through Ni-NTA, the BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified protein.We identified the antigenicity of domain Ⅲ of E protein and the anti-mice and anti-porcine JEV E Ⅲ protein specific antibody titers by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, indirect ELISA and IFA.SDS-PAGE results showed the expressed target protein existed mainly in the form of inclusion body.Western blotting, ELISA test results showed that the protein had good reactivity with anti-serum.The mice immunized with the purified JEV E Ⅲ protein generated 1×10⁵ anti-JEV E Ⅲ protein specific antibody titers by ELISA, and the porcine immunized with the porcine JEV generated 5.1×10⁴ anti-JEV specific antibody titers.The IFA results showed that JEV E Ⅲ protein anti-serum could identify JEV antigen.The above results showed that the recombinant JEV E Ⅲ had good antigenicity.These results provided important basis for development of diagnostic antigen for JEV.     

全面创新建设管理机制 提高末

通过参与农业供水末级渠系节水改造试点项目的建设与管理，总结出末级渠系节水改造工作，需要“政府指导、灌区组织、农民参与、因地制宜、建管合一”，才能更好地完善该项目的建设和管理，促进农业农民的增产增收。     

鸭子荡水库大坝宽级配土料筑坝研究与实践

均质土坝用宽级配土料填筑是近年来国内外发展起来的新学科,一些特殊问题正处在深入研究阶段.宽级配土料用于均质土坝整体填筑目前国内尚无一座,宁东供水工程鸭子荡水库大坝是国内外第一个采用宽级配土料整体填筑均质土坝的典范.就宽级配土料材料的性质、配比研究、施工过程的质量控制进行研究与实践,取得的成果不仅解决了鸭子荡水库设计和建设的难题,同时其对类似工程具有重要的参考价值.     

黄河下游二级悬河问题及其治理

小浪底水库首次调水调沙期间，错过了治理二级悬河的大好时机。二级悬河的形成是人类活动侵占河道，限制水流游荡的结果，二级悬河的形成和发展，改变了黄河下游防洪工程的抢险格局。淤高滩地和刷深河槽是治理二级悬河的基本途径，移民建镇是治理二级悬河的必要措施。今后的治理要与降低潼关高程、三门峡水库运用方式、小浪底水库调水调沙、下游宽河道整治等方面有机地结合起来，利用高含沙洪水的漫滩淤积从整体上根本改观二级悬河的严峻局面。     

保护用电流互感器的选择

阐明保护用互感器饱和时的特性,当互感器一次侧电流很大时,二次侧电流未能按线性变化,造成互感器复合误差。提出按保护最大值确定保护用的TA准确限值系数,解决短路电流大选择电流互感器参数困难的问题。