江苏洋口港台田土壤盐分动态变化特征研究

于2006年6月至2007年5月在江苏洋口港围垦区裸露台田上分层采集土样,对土壤盐分动态变化特征及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:该试验地0~50 cm土壤pH在8.0以上。土壤盐分随着土层的加深而逐渐增加,0~50 cm各土层的年平均盐分分别为2.30、2.84、4.76、6.19、8.60 g/kg。此外,土壤盐分随着取样时间的延长而逐渐降低。土壤盐分的月动态变化表明,试验地在1—6月属于积盐期,而7—9月属于脱盐期。相关性分析表明,土壤体积质量和机械组成是影响土壤盐分变化的主要因素。     

水稻生育后期剑叶氮代谢相关酶活性及动力学变化

以超级杂交稻"两优培九"为试验材料,"汕优63"和"9311"为对照,研究了水稻开花后剑叶叶片中有关氮代谢相关酶类[硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰氨合成酶(GS)、谷-丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷-草转氨酶(GOT)、谷氨酰氨脱氢酶(GDH)、蛋白水解酶(proteinase)]活性及部分酶动力学变化,同期测定了可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量变化及穗部农艺性状,旨在了解超级杂交稻品种与其常规亲本及对照品种在生育后期与氮代谢相关酶活性及动力学变化的内在规律性,为杂交稻生育后期的氮代谢调控提供科学依据。结果表明,花后1周为3个品种剑叶叶片中有关氮代谢酶活性的高值持续期,接着进入速降期。不同品种间NR、GS、GPT和GDH活性及活性高值期具有显著性差异。花后1周"两优培九"具有较高的GS和GDH活性;花后7~14 d"汕优63"的NR和GS活性显著高于"9311"和"两优培九",灌浆后期其GS、GDH活性和活性高峰,也均高于和迟于其他2个品种;"9311"在开花和灌浆初期具有较高的转氨酶活性和催化活性,其氮代谢的启动早于其他2个品种。生育后期GDH和GOT的活性变化说明氧化脱氨可能是水稻体内的主要脱氨方式。生育后期NR和GS活性与其催化活性呈非线性关系,GPT在花后14 d催化活力表现最低,在灌浆后期3种酶仍具有较高的催化活力。叶片可溶性蛋白及ATPase变化说明,酶蛋白量是制约水稻生育后期有关氮代谢的酶活性和影响后期氮素代谢的重要因素之一,叶片的能量状态是影响生理活性发挥的重要限制因子。从主要酶活性变化、籽粒灌浆速率和穗部性状看,生育后期种间杂交种("汕优63")比亚种间杂交种("两优培九")具有较高的叶生理活性和较强的籽粒灌浆优势。     

春小麦叶片生长动力学模型及其解析

运用物理动力学原理,假设小麦叶片生长源自于生长动力和生长阻力协同作用的基础上,推导出春小麦叶片生长的动力学模型L=[1-(t-a)2/a2]k.L+n.该模型能完好描述小麦叶片露尖至衰亡的全过程,对于小麦个体或群体全生育期内叶片生长状态的量化表达具良好的开发潜力和应用价值.     

Consequences of pre-planting treatments of potato seed tubers on leaf area index formation

Abstract

In field trials conducted in 2000–2002, we examined the influence of pre-planting treatments of seed tubers on the formation of leaf area index. The potato varieties used were Agrie Dzeltenie (early), Piret (middle-maturing) and Ants (late). The following treatments were used: untreated control, thermal shock and pre-sprouting. Pre-sprouting treatments of all varieties and thermal shock treatment of the variety Agrie Dzeltenie had a significant effect on the leaf area index. The value and timing of maximum leaf area index were: variety specific, 4.0 units of the early variety Agrie Dzeltenie, 3.7 units of the middle-maturing variety Piret and 3.9 units of the late variety Ants. The weight of the haulms of the plants developed from physiologically older seed tubers formed faster and remained smaller. Pre-planting treatment of seed tubers provided quicker field emergence. The slower the potato plants developed the haulms, the greater the maximum weight achieved. Pre-planting treatments influence the leaf area index. The importance of this influence lies in potato varieties with different maturity times since increases in quality and yield depend on the size of the photosynthetic area.     

Effects of moderate drought on particles retention and physiology of three evergreen shrubs

Moderate drought and vehicular exhaust particles are two common stressors to urban plants. However, it is unclear whether moderate drought affects particle retention by plants and whether stressors, such as moderate drought and exhaust pollution, can interact to affect plant performance. Here, we used an open-top chamber experiment to quantify particle retention per unit leaf area and physiological and biochemical parameters of Pittosporum tobira, Photinia × fraseri, and Euonymus japonicus ‘aurea-marginatus’ over 24 days. Total particle retention of E. japonicus ‘aurea-marginatus’ was significantly higher than the other two species by 1.10 times - 1.45 times. Moderate drought had significant, species-specific effects on particle retention, causing a 45.51% increase in P. tobira and a 51.22% decrease in P. fraseri, but no significant effect on E. japonicus ‘aurea-marginatus’. Superoxide dismutase was activated by drought or exhaust pollution for all plants, reaching its maximum (P. fraseri on the 6th day, the other two species on the 12th day), and then declining. The soluble sugar content of E. japonicus ‘aurea-marginatus’ increased during the first 12 days of stress, while it decreased in the other two species. After 24 days, the relative conductivity of stressed individuals was generally higher and the relative chlorophyll content lower except for P. fraseri. However, a significant decrease in net photosynthetic rate was found only in P. fraseri, and E. japonicus ‘aurea-marginatus’ exhibited the smallest decline in photosynthetic rate. In general, most physiological and biochemical indicators were more sensitive to combination between stressors than to either stressor alone. E. japonicus ‘aurea-marginatus’ may be the most suitable of the three species to be planted in moderate drought and polluted areas for its best particle retention and physiological performance.     

小叶锦鸡儿根瘤固氮活性的动态变化

对多年生小叶锦鸡儿不同生育期根瘤固氮能力、不同树龄小叶锦鸡儿根瘤固氮能力进行调查,结果表明:开花期固氮酶活性最高,此时土壤含氮量和植株含氮量最高;新瘤多发生于果后营养期,植株生物量的峰值出现在结实期;二年生和五年生植株的根瘤固氮能力强于三年、四年生植株,随生长年限的延长,植株生物量逐渐增大,含氮量呈小幅度下降趋势。     

阔叶红松林倒木贮量动态研究

本文研究了中国吉林省长白山区阔叶红松林倒木贮量的动态变化规律。阔叶红松林倒木贮量包括其现有倒木及其年输入量等贮量的变化规律。阔叶红松林现有倒木贮量开始为16.25 t·hm-2,以后随时间减少,到100年分解掉其干重的85%左右,300年后所剩无几。倒木年输入量平均约为0.6 t·hm-2,其贮量是随时间而增加,200年后稳定在31 t·hm-2,可保持到该群落的顶级时期。倒木总贮量的变化在初期呈增加趋势,而后随着现有倒木的完全分解,倒木贮量就与其倒木的年输入趋于一致,最后稳定在上述水平上。图4表2参9。     

4-UPS/UPR并联机构动力学分析

基于车辆在行驶过程中的运动特性,提出了一种耦合型4-UPS/UPR并联机构作为车辆运动模拟台。应用螺旋理论分析了中间约束分支对上平台的约束作用,并基于Grassmenn线几何分析了机构的铰链点布置对机构奇异的影响。利用旋转矩阵的运动算子功能对机构的耦合运动特性进行了分析。基于旋量速度、加速度,建立了机构运动学模型,并利用刚体的牛顿-欧拉公式建立了机构(包括各个分支)详尽的动力学模型,并给出了相应的数值算例进行验证。     

山东肥城单植桃园食心虫发生与为害规律

为了明确食心虫在山东肥城单植桃园的生活史和对肥桃的为害,对其在该园中成虫发生动态、幼虫为害和越冬规律进行了调查研究。结果表明:桃小食心虫、桃蛀螟、梨小食心虫在山东肥城单植桃园中一年分别发生2代、3代、5代,都具有世代重叠现象,其中梨小食心虫发生数量大,对肥桃为害最为严重。幼龄桃园与老龄桃园的折梢率分别为13.70%与24.20%,但两者差异不显著;在幼龄桃园中,5、6、7月份间折梢率存在显著性差异,分别为1.80%、5.40%、33.80%,老龄桃园中,5月份的折梢率(9.20%)显著低于6、7月份的折梢率(29.40%、34.00%);肥桃树东、西、南、北、中不同方位的折梢率没有显著差异性,分别为23.00%、22.80%、25.80%、27.00%、22.00%。水蜜桃树6月份和7月份虫果率分别为10.40%和12.20%,差异不显著,其在东、西、南、北、中不同方位的分布也无显著性差异。     

1999—2018年四川省烟叶播种面积的年际动态分析

为明确四川省烟叶播种面积的年际动态规律和驱动因子,统计分析了1999—2018年四川省烟叶和烤烟的播种面积和产量;并从四川省人均GDP、第一产业增加值、税收收入等3个宏观经济指标,粮食、油料、棉花、麻类和糖料作物播种面积等5个农田土地利用指标中,筛选出了显著影响烟叶播种面积的指标体系.结果发现:(1)1999—2018...