根结线虫会阴花纹的染色方法

会阴花纹是根结线虫种类鉴定的主要依据,它的纹路变化对于判断根结线虫的种类具有重要意义.由于根结线虫的个体小,在进行会阴花纹的制片和显微观察时,常常遇到制作易败,观察模糊的现象,因而种类的正确鉴定受到较大影响.在会阴花纹的常规制片基础上,从根结线虫成虫的获得、会阴花纹的切取、片子的制作等方面进行了一定的改进,主要是用甲烯蓝对其会阴花纹进行了处理,其结果与未处理的相比,具有制作简单、快捷,显微观察纹路清晰、图案易辩、利于判断等优点,对于根结线虫的种类鉴定有一定的应用价值.     

Modification of polypropylene fibers by electron beam irradiation. I. Evaluation of dyeing properties using cationic dyes

The dyeing properties of hydrophobic polypropylene fibers using cationic dyes were investigated to improve dyeability by electron beam irradiation and sulfonic acid incorporation. The color strength of polypropylene fibers after irradiation was examined according to the dyeing conditions including the pH of the dyebath, absorbed doses, and the introduction of a functional group to the fiber substrate. The best dyeing result was obtained when polypropylene fibers incorporated by sulfonic acid group after electron beam irradiation were dyed with cationic dyes at alkaline conditions and 30∼75 kGy irradiation ranges.     

云芝漆酶对靛蓝废水脱色降解研究

[目的]探讨云芝漆酶对靛蓝废水的脱色净化作用。[方法]首先研究不同温度、pH、靛蓝浓度、HBT添加量、漆酶用量对漆酶/HBT脱色作用的影响,然后分析漆酶和酸性纤维素的酶协同水洗。[结果]当以1-羟基苯并三唑(简称HBT)为介体时,云芝漆酶/HBT对靛蓝作用的动力学参数Km和Vmax分别为0.318 mmol/L和0.035 5 mmol/(L.min)。在温度50℃,pH 4.5,靛蓝浓度100 mg/L,介体HBT用量0.1%,漆酶用量100 IU/L条件下,作用40 min时,靛蓝脱色率高达96.5%。牛仔布生物整理中采用漆酶与酸性纤维素酶协同作用,当漆酶用量为15 000 IU/kg牛仔布时,牛仔布的返沾程度减少85%,同时水洗废水中靛蓝含量减少83.8%。[结论]漆酶在牛仔服的生物整理及染整废水的脱色净化处理中具有良好的应用前景。     

丝绸接枝阳离子后的染色和固色性能变化

为提高丝绸用酸性染料和直接染料染色的上染率与皂洗牢度,对丝绸进行接枝阳离子改性处理。研究改性阳离子丝绸用酸性染料和直接染料染色的染色性能变化,结果表明采用阳离子接枝方法可以在无盐染色条件下大幅度提高丝绸染色的上染率及皂洗牢度,其中:耐晒果绿BLL对改性阳离子丝绸的上染率达到99.59%,直接耐酸大红4BS的上染率达到99.87%,直接草黄R的上染率为99.83%,直接深褐M的上染率为99.88%。各种染料上染改性阳离子丝绸后的皂洗牢度都达到5级,上染速度也非常迅速,为2~8 m in。研究结果证明丝绸接枝阳离子改性是提高丝绸上染率和皂洗牢度的有效方法。     

Dyeing, fastness, and deodorizing properties of cotton, silk, and wool fabrics dyed with gardenia, coffee sludge, Cassia tora. L., and pomegranate extracts

Four kinds of natural dying solutions (natural colorant extracts) were obtained by extraction from gardenia, coffee sludge, Cassia tora. L., and pomegranate using water at 90°C for 90 min with a liquor ratio (solid natural colorant material/solvent water, weight ratio) of 1/10. The dyeing, colour fastness, and deodorizing properties of cotton, silk, and wool fabrics dyed with natural colorant extracts were compared. It was found that these properties were significantly dependent on the concentration of extracts, the structure of colorant, and the kind of fabrics. The order of colour strength (K/S) is Cassia tora. L., pomegranate, coffee sludge, and gardenia. Colour fastness (light, water, and perspiration fastness) was in the range of 2nd–5th grades. The deodorizing performance of fabrics dyed with various natural colorant extracts was in the range of 50–99 %. The deodorizing performance increased in the order of gardenia < Cassia tora. L. < coffee sludge < pomegranate. Especially, the deodorizing performance of all fabrics dyed with pomegranate was found to be highest at 99 %.     

Synthesis and application of alkyl-substituted disazo yellow dyes for unmodified polypropylene fiber

The several disazo dyes having different alkyl substituents were synthesized to dye unmodified polypropylene fiber. The affinity of the dyes onto unmodified polypropylene was increased with the increase of the length of alkyl substituents. Therefore, the heptyl-substituted dye having the longest alkyl group in this experiment showed very high color strength of dyeings with K/S value of over 24 at maximum absorption wavelength. The color fastnesses to washing, rubbing and light were also improved significantly for the longer alkyl substituted dyes, so that the heptyl-substituted dye exhibited a rating of 4∼5 for all kinds of fastnesses.     

含高比例印染和制革废水污水处理厂混凝沉淀工艺的絮凝剂筛选

[目的]筛选污水处理厂混凝沉淀工艺的最佳絮凝剂,为含高比例印染废水和制革废水的城市污水处理厂的调试运行提供参考依据。[方法]以聚合氯化铝(PAC)、试剂A、试剂B、试剂C、试剂D、试剂E及聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)7种药剂作为絮凝剂,对含高比例印染废水和制革废水的城市污水处理厂二沉池出水进行混凝沉淀处理试验,各药剂设不同投加量,考察各药剂对出水CODCr的去除效果,并分析了各药剂的处理成本。[结果]试剂B和试剂D处理效果较好,其中,试剂B的投加量为30 mg/L,PAC投加量为36 mg/L,PAM投加量为0.3 mg/L时,对出水CODCr的去除率为49.56%;试剂D投加量为50 mg/L、试剂E投加量为20 mg/L时,对出水CODCr的去除率为49.89%。试剂B的成本为0.628元/m3,试剂D的成本为0.278元/m3。[结论]试剂D对CODCr的去除效果较好,且成本较低,是污水处理厂混凝沉淀工艺较理想的药剂。     

基于臭氧的氧化工艺对印染废水深度处理的研究进展

我国每年排放的大量印染废水已经对水环境产生了极大的威胁,然而传统的生化处理无法完全降解印染废水中的难生物降解物质,污水排放标准的不断提升已经对印染废水提出了深度处理的要求.臭氧氧化工艺的出现为印染废水深度脱色及难生物降解有机物的去除提供了可能,催化臭氧氧化工艺与臭氧氧化组合工艺研究的开展为深度处理方法提供了更多的选择性.该研究对近年来基于臭氧氧化工艺对印染废水深度处理的研究进行总结对比,讨论了现有研究存在的问题,并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

茶叶染料染色色相的多样性探析

按照茶叶发酵程度选取四大茶区具有代表性的6种茶叶为染料,以直接染色、先媒后染、同媒同染和先染后媒4种染色方法对茶叶染料染色的规律及色相的多样性进行探讨,得出6种发酵程度不同的茶叶染料在不同媒染剂的作用下表现出不同的色相呈现,以及媒染剂在茶叶染料染色工艺中的先后顺序对染色色相呈现的影响.     

贵州省从江县小黄侗寨的织染工艺与民俗

小黄村是黔东南的一个侗族村寨,全寨717户3752人全部为侗族,至今仍然过着自给自足男耕女织的自然经济生活,穿着自织自染自制的侗族传统服装。其织染工艺独特,服装原料制作分纺织、制蓝、洗染三道工序十六步流程。纺织器具种类比较丰富,有比较完整的纺织、洗染加工工具。侗族织染工艺作为少数民族民间文化遗产,如何在现代经济大潮中保护、传承和发展,值得人们去思考。