渤海对虾流网作业网列和网高最佳尺度研究

依据对虾流网捕捞原理，设计了与捕捞作业同步的试验和调查方法，就取得的资料归纳出与各级流网船相匹配的最佳网列长度和网片高度分别为：５９ｋＷ以上渔船网列长６０００ｍ，高９ｍ；２９ｋＷ渔船网列长４０００ｍ，高８ｍ；１５ｋＷ渔船网列长３０００ｍ，高７ｍ；９ｋＷ渔船网列长２０００ｍ，高７ｍ。这项研究成果为制定渤海对虾流网渔业管理细则提供了科学依据。     

两系杂交稻纯度控制的理论与方法

研究揭示了“光温敏核不育系”育性“漂移”的本质:在多基因条件下,“变异压”和“自然选择压”使两系不育系育性逐代提升。纯合体没有育性“漂移”。在适度的高海拔地区建立鉴定和繁殖基地,通过诱变、连续的自交、株系选择或花粉培养,培育出育性双向彻底转换的株系——在同一季度内,在制种基地100%不育,同时在繁殖基地像常规稻一样结实。     

Evaluation of surgical repair of humeral condylar fractures using self-compressing orthofix pins in 23 dogs

OBJECTIVE: To report short- and long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes in dogs with humeral condylar fractures repaired using self-compressing Orthofix pins. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation with solicited long-term clinical and radiographic evaluations. ANIMALS: Twenty-three dogs with humeral condylar fractures. METHODS: Medical records and radiographs were reviewed. Owners were asked to return dogs for long-term clinical and radiographic evaluation. RESULTS: Dogs were aged 1.5-26 months (mean+/-SD, 5.8+/-5.0 months) with 20 dogs weighing <5 kg (mean, 3.6+/-2.8 kg). Of 21 dogs with immediate post-operative radiographs, 10 had anatomic reduction with the rest having either a step and/or gap at the articular surface. Kirschner wire migration and implant loosening were the most common post-operative complications. All fractures with adequate follow-up radiographic evaluations achieved union. Twelve of 13 dogs returned for long-term evaluation (mean, 19.0+/-18.5 months) were either sound (10 dogs) or had subtle, weight-bearing lameness (2). Fourteen dogs had radiographs >/=75 days after surgery (mean, 18.7+/-18.3 months), 8 dogs (57%) had no radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis (OA; mean OA score, 0.8; median 0), and all dogs had good or excellent limb function. CONCLUSIONS: Self-compressing Orthofix pins are suitable implants for the stabilization of humeral condylar fractures in small breed dogs. Implants were convenient and simple to use and complications were easily resolved. Dogs consistently had good long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes with no or minimal lameness and OA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Self-compressing Orthofix pins should be considered for the repair of humeral condylar fractures in small breed dogs.     

福建海区流刺网渔业的调查和管理研究

根据2000～2002年对福建沿海地区流刺网渔业的专题调查研究资料,着重研究了福建海区流刺网渔业的作业型式、渔具规格、数量分布、存在问题、发展趋势及管理对策。结果表明,福建海区流刺网渔业的渔船数量位居各种海洋捕捞作业的首位,渔具型式和规格多种多样;依作业海域划分,沿岸水域流刺网渔船数量最多,其次为近海水域,外海水域居第三,分别占75．6％、18．5％和5．9％;按作业型式划分,单片式流刺网的渔具数量最多、三重流刺网次之、双重流刺网最少,分别占65．0％、25．0％和10．0％。调查研究结果还表明,流刺网渔具普遍存在网目规格日趋小型化现象,这与近海捕捞种类呈现小型化趋势相一致,且二者有密切的因果关系;大多数的渔获种类均可达到初次性成熟体长,说明目前流刺网渔业对渔业资源的利用较为合理。展望流刺网渔业发展前景,提出相应管理对策。     

Arthroscopic reattachment of osteochondritis dissecans cartilage flaps of the femoropatellar joint: long-term results

Reasons for performing study: Long‐term efficacy of arthroscopic cartilage reattachment for the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions in the equine femoropatellar joint is unknown. Objective: To evaluate radiographic outcome and long‐term performance of horses undergoing OCD reattachment. Hypothesis: Separated OCD cartilage flaps may be reincorporated into the joint surface by reattachment rather than flap removal. Methods: Polydioxanone pins were utilised arthroscopically to reattach OCD lesions in 40 of 44 joints from 27 horses. Cartilage was reattached when it had persisting perimeter continuity, the surface was not deeply fissured or irregular, and the cartilage was not protuberant or extensively mineralised. Bone marrow aspirate concentrate was grafted to additional areas denuded of cartilage or alongside reattached cartilage. Results: Breeds included Thoroughbred (n = 18), Quarter Horse (n = 4), Warmblood (n = 3), Standardbred (n = 1) and Arabian (n = 1). Mean age was 9.7 months. Radiographic lesion length was 1.5–6.3 cm. Reattachment alone was used in 32 of 44 affected joints, a combination of debridement and reattachment in 8 joints and debridement alone in 4 joints. One horse was destroyed due to tendon laceration. Of the remaining 26 horses, mean duration of follow‐up was 15.6 months (range 2 months–12 years). Radiographic resolution of OCD lesions treated with reattachment was significantly improved at 6 months. Twenty horses had long‐term performance data, of which 19 were sound and had reached intended athletic potential. One horse remained lame, and an additional 6 were sound but remained unbroken or were convalescing. Thus, an overall success rate based upon continued soundness in performing horses was 95% (19/20). Conclusion: Cartilage flap reattachment can salvage OCD cartilage by integration with the underlying bone. Potential relevance: Extensive OCD cartilage flaps may be salvaged by reattachment which can result in normal radiographic subchondral bone contour and long‐term athletic performance.     

超高地隙风幕式喷杆喷雾机施药性能试验

对超高地隙自走式喷杆喷雾机风幕系统进行田间试验,研究了喷雾压力、喷雾机作业速度、风幕出口风速及植物冠层特性对雾滴沉积量、沉积量均匀程度以及飘移率的影响。研究结果表明,风幕出口风速是雾滴沉积量、沉积均匀程度和飘移率的决定因素,风幕出口风速与雾滴穿透性能呈正相关关系,风幕系统能够有效地减少雾滴的飘移;植物冠层的特性对雾滴穿透性能有较显著影响;相同作业速度时,增大喷雾压力可使雾滴单位面积沉积量增加,提高喷雾沉积效果,但对穿透性能影响不大;喷雾机作业速度对雾滴沉积量也有一定的影响,但影响较小。     

植保无人机旋翼对雾滴分布的影响试验研究

[目的]探究植保无人机旋翼对雾滴分布的影响。[方法]将植保无人机机体分别固定在4种不同高度下,比较旋翼工作与旋翼不工作2种状态下的雾滴分布情况。[结果]旋翼降低了雾滴沉积量,但雾滴分布更加宽泛,小型旋翼无人机作业高度在2.0 m处,雾滴沉积效果最佳。[结论]该研究可为制定植保无人机操作规范提供参考。     

福建省刺网作业捕捞能力的比较分析

根据2002年福建省沿海流刺网作业的生产调查及全省渔业统计,应用DEA法,首次分析了福建省不同地市流刺网的捕捞能力和不同生产水域三重流刺网的捕捞能力及其影响因素,并与单位捕捞努力量渔荻量计算进行比较。结果表明,福建沿海刺网作业的捕捞能力未得到充分利用,2000和2002年,全省刺网作业的平均“能力利用度”分别为63．8％和48．9％,地市间的“能力利用度”差异显著,最低仅为18．6％和9．7％;刺网作业投入的网具数、船数、功率、作业天数、吨位和网具规格,对该作业捕捞能力的发挥有较重要的影响;相同的调查样本和数据,决策分析取向不同,计量结果亦有不同,比较、决策参考意义也不相同;CPUE与DEA法的计量,采用投入网具数和作业天数计量要比采用投入功率和作业天数合理些。但采用DEA法,更能综合反映多种投入要素下刺网作业捕捞能力变化的信息,结果比较符合实际。     

Rotary atomiser design requirements for optimum pesticide application efficiency

Pesticide application efficiency from aircraft could be increased substantially, and required downwind buffer distances to avoid drift damage reduced significantly, if sharp issuing points or pins were added to existing rotary cage atomizer designs. This would enable existing rotary cage units, already successfully deployed for Ultra Low Volume (ULV) applications of insecticides, to be also used for Large Droplet Placement (LDP) application of herbicides. Studies at Cranfield University using high speed photography and laser droplet sizing instrumentation demonstrated that the addition of fine pins to the final atomizing surface of the rotating cage would increase uniformity of droplet production, by promoting fluid atomization in the ligament mode. This would lead to a substantially increased percentage of droplets in the spray falling between 100 μm and 300 μm in size, suggested here as a biological/environmental droplet size optimum. Development of a ‘spinning pins’ rotary atomizer for aircraft would therefore be highly desirable for agricultural and other purposes. Investment in this technology has the potential to significantly reduce pollution of atmosphere, soil, fresh water and oceans with pesticides.