圆形无压隧洞恒定渐变流水面线计算的近似法

基于恒定渐变流基本微分方程,采用数值分析理论,得到流程与始、末段水深的解析函数,通过该函数可直接计算沿程水面线。该方法比《水工隧洞设计规范》中推荐的分段求和试算法更简单、便捷,特别对水深较敏感段。规范推荐试算法误差较大,并且逐段试算推求水深,将导致末端断面水深误差逐步累积,误差大,精度下降。通过工程实例计算比较得出:新解析法计算结果与规范推荐法(程序)计算结果基本一致,甚至优于规范推荐的分段试算法,完全满足工程实践要求。     

恒续林经营研究的3个关键问题

恒续林经营研究经过了100多年, 但至今仍然没有被广泛应用于生产实践, 其主要原因是尚没有很好地回答“什么样的林地适合经营恒续林?” “恒续林经营的理想林分是什么样的?” “恒续林经营是否更具经济效益?”这3个基本问题。在基本问题不解决的情况下开展的研究均存在局限性, 因此文中建议在构建恒续林立地综合评价指数的基础上确定恒续林经营适宜区, 以对人的效用为目标函数构建模型来规划经营目标及经营行为, 借鉴和综合现有的相关理论方法, 全面系统地开展恒续林研究, 并做准确的经济成本效益分析, 为经营单位开展森林经营和政府制定政策提供依据。     

Statistical tools for determining appropriate selection of regression models for analysis of environmental fate datasets

BACKGROUND: In the NAFTA regulatory community, a currently consistent methodology used to estimate dissipation times for environmental fate data is not applied. RESULTS: This work demonstrates through a case study that the inappropriate use of pseudo-first-order regression models can result in inaccurate estimates of soil degradation rates, and it proposes some statistical tools that can be used to identify an appropriate statistical model to fit a particular environmental fate dataset. Diagnostic procedures have been proposed to identify the appropriate scale, and statistical testing procedures have been proposed to select the appropriate model within that scale. CONCLUSION: Results from this work demonstrate that, unless the proposed diagnostic and statistical procedures are used, inaccurate estimates of dissipation times may result.     

The investigation of the interaction between 5-Iodouracil and human serum albumin by spectroscopic and modeling methods and determination of protein by synchronous fluorescence technique

The interaction of 5-Iodouracil with human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated in aqueous solution by fluorescence quenching spectrum in combination with UV absorption spectrum and modeling method. The quenching mechanism and binding characteristics of 5-Iodouracil with HSA were obtained from the fluorescence measurement. The binding constants were calculated according to the Lineweaver-Burk equation at different temperatures. And the thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS), were calculated by thermodynamic equations. The results showed that the hydrophobic interaction played a major role in the binding of 5-Iodouracil with HSA. The binding distance was obtained according to Föster’s non-radiative energy transfer theory. The effect of some normal ions on the binding constants was discussed. Modeling method was applied to elucidate the interaction mode between 5-Iodouracil and HSA, which was agreed with the calculated result by thermodynamic method. Moreover, the synchronous fluorescence technique was successfully applied to quantify total protein in human body fluids including serum, urine, and saliva samples. The results showed that this method was stable, reliable, selective, sensitive, and practical for the determination of HSA.     

低温对葡萄果实莽草酸途径入口酶及后分支酸途径关键酶基因表达的影响

以花后3,7,11周的“赤霞珠”(Vitisvinifera L.Cabernet Sauvignon)葡萄果实为试材,应用荧光实时定量PCR技术,研究持续低温处理和变温处理对莽草酸途径入口酶3-脱氧-D-阿拉伯糖型-庚酮糖酸-7-磷酸合成酶(DAHPS)基因(VvDAHPS-1、VDAHPS-2和VvDAHPS-3)...     

“一带一路”对接欧盟背景下中国木质家具出口法国贸易波动分析

“一带一路”倡议提出至今,积极作用日益显著,欧盟越来越重视与“一带一路”倡议的对接关系。法国作为欧盟的核心国之一,目前正积极开展与中国在“一带一路”框架下的经济合作。文中以2009年金融危机结束和2014年欧盟开始对接“一带一路”为时间节点,将2001年中国加入WTO至2016年这一段时间分为3个阶段,应用恒定市场份额模型和显性比较优势指数对中国木质家具出口法国贸易波动进行分析,发现影响中国木质家具出口的主要因素是竞争力,并且中国木质家具出口法国具有显性比较优势;根据实证结果,针对如何在“一带一路”与欧盟对接这一背景下更好地与法国开展木质家具贸易提出可行建议。     

甘肃高山细毛羊妊娠母羊营养需要量估测

借助其他品种绵羊营养需要的一些研究方法,结合甘肃高山细毛羊四季牧草干物质采食量、营养物质摄入量、采食牧草营养成分、牧草营养物质消化率以及生产相关数据,采用析因法估测甘肃高山细毛羊能量和蛋白质需要量:成年母羊维持代谢能需要量为6.58 MJ/d(每kg代谢体重维持代谢能需要为0.417 MJ/W^0.75),维持蛋白质需要量107.62 g/d;妊娠前期代谢能需要量为12.54 MJ/d,粗蛋白质需要量125.19 g/d;妊娠后期代谢能需要量为12.86 MJ/d,粗蛋白质需要量为146 g/d;通过对比研究表明,甘肃高山细毛羊成年母羊钙需要量约为8.22~9.61 g/d,磷需要量为4.98~5.87 g/d,食盐需要量为9~16 g/d。     

绵羊催产素在渗透泵中稳定性的研究

试验旨在评价39.1℃恒温下绵羊催产素在渗透泵（ALZET^®）中的稳定性。试验分为3个组,分别为渗透泵组、微量离心管组和对照组。除对照组始终冻存于-80℃以外,另外两组置于39.1℃培养箱中进行孵育,分不同时间点采集样品。所有样品经超高效液相色谱串联四级杆/飞行时间质谱（ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole/flight time mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF MS）方法获得氧化产物提取离子流色谱图,通过比较各产物的峰面积,分析催产素在39.1℃缓释泵中的氧化过程。结果表明,催产素在39.1℃缓释泵及微量离心管中均表现出氧化程度随时间逐渐增加的趋势,两试验组之间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。渗透泵组和微量离心管组不同时间点采集样品中催产素原型占对照组原型的百分比分别为83.6%~117.8%和83.2%~116.2%,说明在渗透泵植入绵羊体内试验中需要考虑因催产素氧化引起的含量变化对试验结果的影响。     

实测拟合Mironov介电常数的SMOS对土壤水分反演精度的优化

为对农业干旱预测方法和提高SMOS的反演精度参考,介于Mironov介电常数与土壤水分的变异趋势呈相似规律,尝试利用区域性实测数据非线性拟合二者的量化关系,进而由SMOS L2介电常数直接反求土壤水分、快速改善其反演精度。结果表明:在不考虑空间异质性的情况下,该方法将绝对误差由0.095~0.112降低至0.071~0.072。说明,以真实观测作为先验辅助信息,采用优化参数的方式能够有效提升SMOS对土壤水分的整体反演精度。     

Effects of Bacterial-Feeding Nematode Grazing and Tea Saponin Addition on the Enhanced Bioremediation of PyreneContaminated Soil Using Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterial Strain

As one of the most widely distributed bacterial predators in the soil, the role of bacterivorous nematodes on the enhanced bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils is crucial, but remains to be investigated.A microcosm-level study was conducted to examine the effects of bacterial-feeding nematode grazing and tea saponin(TS) addition on bioremediation of a pyrene-contaminated soil enhanced by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)-degrading bacterial strain Sphingobium sp.PHE9.After 180 d of incubation, the highest pyrene dissipation(71.3%) was achieved through a combination of Sphingobium sp.PHE9 inoculation with nematode and TS addition.Meanwhile, high counts of culturable PAH-degrading bacteria, soil enzyme activity, and biodiversity indices were observed under the combined treatment, implying that the microbiological function of the contaminated soil was significantly restored.Additionally, the results of Tenax~ extraction with the first-order three-compartment model indicated that rate-limiting factors varied among treatments.The lack of degrading microorganisms was the main rate-limiting factor for the treatments involving TS/nematode addition, and inadequate bioaccessible pyrene was the vital rate-limiting factor in the treatments involving Sphingobium sp.PHE9 inoculation.The proposed combined clean-up strategy proved to be a promising bioremediation technology for aged pyrene-contaminated soils.