激光控制平地系统设计与试验分析

开发了用于农田平地的激光接收与控制装置、液压调节装置、平地铲等。利用该系统与Trimble公司的激光控制平地系统进行了平地对比试验。试验结果表明，该系统工作性能稳定，与国产中等功率拖拉机液压动力输出匹配较好。     

通辽市气象因子对红薯产量的影响分析

研究通辽市气象因子对红薯种植产量的影响,旨在为通辽市农业种植结构调整提供科学依据。以红薯推广种植基地的种植资料和气象观测资料为基础数据,对气象因子与红薯产量的相关性进行分析。结果表明,积温、日照时数与红薯产量相关显著,相关系数分别为0.741和0.837,日平均气温和降水量与红薯产量未达到显著水平。除发根返青期外,其他发育期与全生育期的积温变化特征近似,相关系数均在0.788以上;日照时数年际变化与全生育期变化特征一致;仅薯块膨大期与全生育期降水量和日平均气温的年际变化相关显著,相关系数分别为0.933和0.936。热量和光照条件对产量影响相对较大,是红薯种植的限制因素,降水对产量影响不明显。     

Can large-scale biofuels production be sustainable by 2020?

Worldwide, many nations impose blending of their transport fuels with biofuels, approximating 10% globally by 2020, to contribute to energy security while reducing emission of green house gasses (GHG). Food riots, scientific insights that question the GHG benefits and raised concern about the loss of biodiversity, have lead to the formulation by various governments of sustainability criteria for biofuels to comply with. In this paper, we assess this conditionality and argue that large-scale biofuels production will be unable to comply with these criteria in 2020, and can therefore not be qualified as sustainable.     

中国木薯产业化的发展研究与对策

(1中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南儋州 571737; 2中国农业大学生物质工程中心,北京 100094)     

无源蓄冷控温运输箱设计与试验

针对蓄冷运输箱信息化程度低、控温时间短、控温困难等问题,设计了一款集控温、远程监控、定位、故障诊断等功能于一体的蓄冷运输箱。以脐橙为试验对象,结合能耗模型,对蓄冷控温箱控温性能进行了研究。结果表明,箱内各截面温度不均匀系数分别为0.38、0.47、0.78,温度极差最大值为2.8℃,均匀性较好;当蓄冷剂用量为180 kg,预冷脐橙660 kg,在外部环境平均温度26.39℃的条件下,总控温时长为122 h,风机共执行控温21次,且随着蓄冷量减少,风机开启控温所用时间呈指数上升趋势,决定系数不小于0.928 0;结合能耗模型分析得出,该箱体在广州夏季高温环境下可控温5 d以上,能够满足远距离运输要求。     

北海市瓜菜大棚设施栽培现状与发展对策

从规模、新技术应用、栽培模式、效益等方面阐述了北海市瓜幕大棚设施栽培的现状,同时分析了存在的问题,并针对现状和存在的问题提出了政策扶持、创建品牌、强化培训、加大投入和加强产品质量检测等发展对策,旨在促进大棚设施栽培产业的健康可持续发展.     

Integrated effect of transplanting date, cultivar and irrigation on yield, water saving and water productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Indian Punjab: Field and simulation study

Individual effect of different field scale management interventions for water saving in rice viz. changing date of transplanting, cultivar and irrigation schedule on yield, water saving and water productivity is well documented in the literature. However, little is known about their integrated effect. To study that, field experimentation and modeling approach was used. Field experiments were conducted for 2 years (2006 and 2007) at Punjab Agricultural University Farm, Ludhiana on a deep alluvial loamy sand Typic Ustipsamment soils developed under hyper-thermic regime. Treatments included three dates of transplanting (25 May, 10 June and 25 June), two cultivars (PR 118 inbred and RH 257 hybrid) and two irrigation schedules (2-days drainage period and at soil water suction of 16 kPa). The model used was CropSyst, which has already been calibrated for growth (periodic biomass and LAI) of rice and soil water content in two independent experiments. The main findings of the field and simulation studies conducted are compared to any individual, integrated management of transplanting date, cultivar and irrigation, sustained yield (6.3-7.5 t ha⁻¹) and saved substantial amount of water in rice. For example, with two management interventions, i.e. shifting of transplanting date to lower evaporative demand (from 5 May to 25 June) concomitant with growing of short duration hybrid variety (90 days from transplanting to harvest), the total real water saving (wet saving) through reduction in evapotranspiration (ET) was 140 mm, which was almost double than managing the single, i.e. 66 mm by shifting transplanting or 71 mm by growing short duration hybrid variety. Shifting the transplanting date saved water through reduction in soil water evaporation component while growing of short duration variety through reduction in both evaporation and transpiration components of water balance. Managing irrigation water schedule based on soil water suction of 16 kPa at 15-20 cm soil depth, compared to 2-day drainage, did not save water in real (wet saving), however, it resulted into apparent water saving (dry saving). The real crop water productivity (marketable yield/ET) was more by 17% in 25th June transplanted rice than 25th May, 23% in short duration variety than long and 2% in irrigation treatment of 16 kPa soil water suction than 2-days drainage. The corresponding values for the apparent crop water productivity (marketable yield/irrigation water applied) were 16, 20 and 50%, respectively. Pooled experimental data of 2 years showed that with managing irrigation scheduling based on soil water suction of 16 kPa at 15-20 cm soil depth, though 700 mm irrigation water was saved but the associated yield was reduced by 277 kg ha⁻¹.     

Effects of hysteresis on redistribution of soil moisture and deep percolation at continuous and pulse drip irrigation

The infiltration and redistribution of soil moisture under surface drip irrigation considering hysteresis were investigated in two soils (loamy sand and silt loam) of different texture. The effect of continuous versus intermittent application of 1, 2 and 4 l/h to the soils was evaluated in terms of wetting front advance patterns and deep percolation under the root zone. For this purpose, a cylindrical flow model incorporating hysteresis in the soil water retention characteristic curve, evaporation from the soil surface, and water extraction by roots was used. The results show that, compared with continuous irrigation, pulse irrigation slightly reduces the water losses under the root zone in both cases (with and without hysteresis). Also, at the total simulation time, in both types of irrigation, hysteresis reduces significantly the water losses under the root zone. Finally, the effect of hysteresis was found to be greater at higher discharge rate (4 l/h) and consequently at higher water content at the soil surface.     

电子鼻技术在粮食质量检测中的应用

对消费者来说,粮食的气味也是衡量其质量的一个重要标准.电子鼻是一种新颖的仿生系统,是用于分析、检测挥发性气味的仪器.为此,综述了电子鼻在粮食质量检测中的应用,主要包括粮食霉变、虫害和储藏年限等方面的研究及其应用现状;最后,展望了电子鼻在粮食检测中的应用前景.     

加大农业综合开发力度，确保农业经济稳步增长

邵阳县农业综合开发工作紧紧围绕农业增效、农民增收这一目标,不断加大农业综合开发力度,促进了农业经济持续增长。通过项目建设有效改善水利条件,提高了抵御自然灾害的能力。以农业综合开发项目区为平台。按照“三合”要求．创新开发模式,整合支农项目,实行规模开发,引领助推新农村建设。