华山松大小蠹及大小蠹属的研究概述

简述了大小蠹属的分类研究,以及几种美洲大小蠹的研究情况。并着重概述了过去有关华山松大小蠹的研究和防治工作,及目前生产中存在的问题。就如何控制华山松大小蠹的危害,提出了几点建议。     

中欧山松大小蠹在中国的适生性分析

中欧山松大小蠹(Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins)是严重危害松类针叶树种的蛀干害虫。本文基于气象数据,利用BIOCLIM生态位模型对中欧山松大小蠹在我国的适生区进行了分析,结果显示该小蠹能广泛分布在华北、东北的大部分地区和西南的部分地区,提供了ArcGIS适生区预测分布图。     

油松萜烯类挥发物释放规律与红脂大小蠹危害的关系

该研究以动态顶空采样法对油松叶部和树干基部分别进行活体采样,并采用热脱附、气相色谱和质谱联用技术探讨近自然状态下的挥发物组分和含量变化以及红脂大小蠹危害对其的影响.通过对生长季5—9月山西省沁源县赤石桥乡红脂大小蠹的寄主植物油松的挥发物的采集分析,明确了挥发物质的基本成分有25种.其中萜烯类成分占较高比重,主要为3种成分(S)－(+)－3－蒈烯、(R)－(-)－α－蒎烯和(S)－(-)－β－蒎烯,占萜烯类总量96％以上.另外还含有少量的(+)柠檬烯、香叶烯、莰烯、对1,4－二烯和水芹烯等成分.分别进行了健康油松、受蠹害油松、不同胸径油松干部和叶部,以及白天不同时间段的萜烯类成分的相对含量对比,为红脂大小蠹引诱剂研制以及利用引诱剂控制提供了理论基础.      

浅析我国分布的3种大小蠹的识别与检疫管理

对红脂大小蠹、华山松大小蠹和云杉大小蠹的形态特征、为害寄主以及危害症状进行了比较分析,提出了检疫管理措施,为进境口岸针对性检疫和保护我国的林木资源提供参考。     

The influence of mountain pine beetle outbreaks and drought on severe wildfires in northwestern Colorado and southern Wyoming: A look at the past century

Outbreaks of bark beetles and drought both lead to concerns about increased fire risk, but the relative importance of these two factors is the subject of much debate. We examined how mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreaks and drought have contributed to the fire regime of lodgepole pine forests in northwestern Colorado and adjacent areas of southern Wyoming over the past century. We used dendroecological methods to reconstruct the pre-fire history of MPB outbreaks in twenty lodgepole pine stands that had burned between 1939 and 2006 and in 20 nearby lodgepole pine stands that were otherwise similar but that had not burned. Our data represent c. 80% of all large fires that had occurred in lodgepole pine forests in this study area over the past century. We also compared Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and actual evapotranspiration (AET) values between fire years and non-fire years. Burned stands were no more likely to have been affected by outbreak prior to fires than were nearby unburned stands. However, PDSI and AET values were both lower during fire years than during non-fire years. This work indicates that climate has been more important than outbreaks to the fire regime of lodgepole pine forests in this region over the past century. Indeed, we found no detectable increase in the occurrence of high-severity fires following MPB outbreaks. Dry conditions, rather than changes in fuels associated with outbreaks, appear to be most limiting to the occurrence of severe fires in these forests.     

红脂大小蠹成虫侵入孔的空间分布型研究

应用扩散系数等6种指数法测定了红脂大小蠹成虫侵入孔的空间分布型。结果表明，红脂大小蠹成虫侵入孔的空间分布型呈聚集分布，分布的基本成分是个体群，扩散蔓延规律为聚集型扩散。聚集的原因分析表明，该虫的聚集是由某些环境因素所致，如食物等。     

拟双角斯氏线虫侵染红脂大小蠹幼虫的研究

红脂大小蠹又名强大小蠹 (ＤｅｎｄｒｏｃｔｏｎｕｓｖａｌｅｎｓＬｅＣｏｎｔｅ)主要危害 30ａ以上或胸径 1 0ｃｍ以上的健康油松。成虫一般在树干基部至 1ｍ左右处入侵 ,入侵后先向上蛀食一段韧皮部 ,然后向下取食 ,危害可达根部 40ｃｍ。每头雌成虫可产卵 1 1 0余粒 ,幼虫孵     

红脂大小蠹诱捕效果影响因子调查与分析

应用引诱剂防治红脂大小蠹以其经济、简便、无污染的优点,成为监测和防治该虫的重要方法。但是,不同位置诱捕器对红脂大小蠹的诱捕效果不同,经调查分析,结果表明:引诱剂种类及其释放速率,诱捕器距虫源距离、诱捕器所处环境位置等因素都对诱捕效果产生直接的影响。应用引诱剂防治红脂大小蠹时,应将引诱剂释放速率调整到250~350 mg/d,诱捕器设置在林外10 m处温暖干爽、四周空旷且距虫源聚集地较近处,诱捕器间距100 m。     

强大小蠹生物学特性研究

强大小蠹（Dendroctonus valens LeConte)是近年来发现为害油松的国内新纪录种，1998年在山西省阳城、沁水等首次发现，此后在全省各地爆发成灾。该虫在榆次市、太岳山林区一年发生一代，主要以老熟幼虫和成虫在树干基部或根部的皮层内越冬，也有少数以2龄－3龄幼虫或蛹越冬。越冬成虫于5月下旬大量出孔扬飞，6月上旬为产卵盛期，6月中旬为孵化盛期，8月中旬为化蛹盛期，9月上旬为子代成虫羽化盛期。越冬老熟幼虫于7月中旬大量化蛹，7月下旬为羽化盛期，8月上中旬为产卵盛期，8月中旬为卵孵化盛期，发育不整齐，有世代重叠现象。