参与式流域管理理念下的林业活动策略和成效

文章阐述了中澳合作青海林业资源管理项目实施过程中,引进和应用参与式方法和流域管理的理念,进行林业活动的设计和实施,全面总结了项目开展的主要林业活动,取得的成效和经验。项目的成功实施,为我们带来新的理念、新的管理方法和新的技术,取得的经验和做法值得我们在今后的生态环境保护和建设中借鉴。     

Climate risks and forest practices: forest owners' acceptance of advice concerning climate change

Based on qualitative interviews with Swedish forest owners this study focuses on climate change, risk management and forest governance from the perspective of the forest owners. The Swedish forest governance system has undergone extensive deregulation, with the result that social norms and knowledge dissemination are seen by the state as important means of influencing forest owners' understandings and practices. Drawing on Foucault's concept of governmentality this study contributes knowledge on how forest owners understand and manage climate-related risk and their acceptance of advice. From the interview study, three main conclusions can be drawn: (1) forest owners' considerations largely concern ordinary forestry activities; (2) knowledge about forest management and climate adaptation combines experiences and ideas from various sources; and (3) risk awareness and knowledge of “best practices” are not enough to ensure change in forestry practices. The results of this study show that the forest owners have to be selective and negotiate about what knowledge to consider relevant and meaningful for their own forest practice. Accordingly, local forest management can be understood as situated in a web of multifarious interests, claims, concerns and knowledges, where climate change adaptation is but one of several aspects that forest owners have to consider.     

Contamination of agricultural products and soils with radiocesium derived from the accident at TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station: monitoring,case studies and countermeasures

Five years have passed since the accident at Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station that was triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011. Severe damage to agriculture and the environment is still of great concern in Japanese society. We review the contamination status of agricultural products and soils, decontamination efforts and countermeasures to reduce radiocesium concentration in soil and crops, as well as the responses of Japanese ministries. Since rice is an important staple food for Japanese, the impact of radiocesium on rice (Oryza sativa L.) and paddy fields has been extensively investigated since the accident, and, therefore, issues concerning rice receive considerable attention in this review.     

GA-BP组合预测方法在北洛河年径流量预测中的应用

为寻求较为合理的径流量预测方法,利用GA-BP组合模型进行径流量预测的研究,首先利用GA算法(Genetic algorithm)全局搜索能力定位出一个较好的搜索空间,再利用BP算法(Back propagation)神经网络的局部寻优能力,以陕西省北洛河状头站实测数据为基础进行径流量预测。结果表明：利用GA-BP组合模型预测2001—2010年结果的相对误差分别为-8.9%、-12.6%、-7.4%、9.4%、-7.6%、15.0%、-5.5%、10.7%、13.3%和-8.2%,预测精度较高,从相对误差和训练次数比较可以看出,GA-BP组合模型优于基本BP模型和GA模型。     

乡镇农产品质量安全监管站建设工作探讨

乡镇农产品质量安全监管站建设是农产品质量安全体系建设的重要组成部分,是源头控制的关键点和核心。为了加快商洛市农产品质量安全乡镇监管站建设,笔者结合当地实际,探索制定了乡镇监管站建设标准,详述了在此标准指导下,全市126个乡镇监管站建设现状和取得的成效。针对建设过程中存在的问题,提出了相应对策。     

对营林生产存在的问题与改进策略

众所周知,林业在改善生态环境与人居环境具有不可替代的重要作用,政府也加大了对林业重点工程的扶持,近几年我国的营林生产收到良好的效果,但从实际情况来看,我国的营林生产工作中仍然存在诸多问题亟待完善,对此必须采取有效 措施加以改进。     

林业生态效益的计量与实现

现代科学对森林生态效益的认定,使林业生态效益的计量纳入林业经营效益评价体系成为可能。在建设生态林业和国土绿化的社会背景下,林业生态效益的货币化计量既十分重要,又十分复杂,是一个具有战略性的技术课题。林业生态效益货币化计量的基本原则是劳动价值论,系统动态分析和社会认可。建立有效的投资机制是林业生态效益实现的当务之争,实施森林生态效益补偿制度是实现林业生态效益的可行办法。     

林业产权市场初探

林业产权制度改革后,市场失灵仍然可能发生.分析林业产权市场的功能、特点与内涵,探讨林业产权市场的运行模式与机制,从法律、行政与经济三个层面提出推进林业产权市场培育的措施.     

北京山区林业社区节能灶炕改造效果分析

文章以实地调查为根据,把节能灶炕与普通土炕进行了对比分析,指出节能灶炕具有调整能源结构、实现节能减排、改善生活环境和降低生活成本的功能和优点。节能灶炕俗称"吊炕",是在旧式炕灶基础上改进研制而成的。该研究通过对北京山区密云县花园村应用和未应用吊炕农户的调查分析,对吊炕的生态和经济效果进行了量化,从而为该技术的大面积推广应用提供了数据支持。       

空间统计分析在林业中的应用

空间统计分析在不到 5 0年的研究和实践中 ,已发展成为研究自然界具有随机性和规律性变量的普遍性的科学方法 ,在国内外诸多领域都有成功应用的实例 ;然而 ,空间统计分析在国内林业中应用才刚刚起步 ,绝大多数林业工作者或科研人员对空间统计缺乏基本的了解。本文首先简要介绍空间统计分析的有关概念、基本原理及其特点 ,同时对地统计学与地理信息系统以及与经典统计学的异同进行分析。结合林业领域特点 ,从森林土壤、物种空间分布、森林干扰、林分因子、种子资源等几个主要方面 ,综述国内外林业领域应用空间统计分析的现状。最后指出在林业领域中应用空间统计分析存在的困难与问题 ,并展望了在林业领域中应用空间统计分析的前景.