杂交兰原球茎增殖及分化研究

[目的]对杂交兰原球茎的增殖及分化进行研究。[方法]采用L9(34)正交试验设计,研究培养基、6-BAI、BA和AC对杂交兰原球茎增殖的影响;设置几种不同培养基对原球茎的分化进行探讨。[结果]培养基和6-BA对原球茎的增殖影响不大,IBA浓度为0.1 mg/L、AC浓度为1.0 mg/L时,原球茎增殖效果最好;1/2 MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L对原球茎的分化效果最好。[结论]在培养基中添加NAA有利于原球茎的分化。     

Over-winter predation of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi seeds in arable land

To improve understanding of over-winter weed seed predation in arable fields, we used data from winter exclosure trials to determine the amount of predation and the influence of crop habitats on predation of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi seed in 2-year (maize/soyabean) and 4-year (maize/soyabean/small grain+lucerne/lucerne) crop rotation systems between 2005 and 2008. Crop habitat influenced seed predation, and had similar impacts on the two weed species. Mean A. theophrasti predation ranged from 31% in the 2-year soyabean habitat to 99% in the 4-year lucerne habitat. Mean S. faberi predation ranged from 31% in the 2-year soyabean habitat to 97% in the 4-year lucerne habitat. Results suggest that a combination or interaction of cover and substrate may have affected crop habitat preference by seed predators. Future research should further examine the influence of physical habitat on seed predation to determine characteristics of cropping systems that encourage predation, particularly during over-winter periods, so as to routinely incorporate seed predators into long-term weed management strategies.     

杓兰属植物研究进展

介绍了国内外杓兰属(Cypripedium Linn.)植物的资源分布、生物学特性、栽培繁殖及保护等方面的研究概况,提出了简要的保育策略及发展方向.     

蕙兰TUB基因片段的克隆与序列分析

对蕙兰TUB基因片段进行克隆与序列分析,为蕙兰内参基因的筛选和研究其生理功能提供研究基础。根据NCBI已经公布的TUB基因的同源核苷酸保守序列,进行简并引物设计,利用RT-PCR的方法,以蕙兰花蕾期的花葶为材料,克隆了5条TUB基因片段。序列分析结果表明,5条TUB基因片段长度均为1055bp,编码351个氨基酸,具有2个TUB基因标记位点：Tubulin-betamRNAautoregulationsignal：MREI和Tubulinsubunitsalpha,beta,andgammasignature(GGGTGSG)特征信号序列。各片段之间同源性高达91.72%,经BLAST分析,与小麦的TUB1同源性可达85%。利用DNAMAN等生物软件推断的氨基酸,与毛果杨、蓖麻、葡萄同源性达97%。研究中得到的5个基因序列是TUB基因的同源片段,分别命名为CfTUB1、CfTUB2、CfTUB3、CfTUB4和CfTUB5,并在GenBank注册,登录号分为JN177713、JN177714、JN177715、JN177716和JN177717。     

云南杓兰和紫点杓兰菌根真菌 rDNA ITS 序列及共生专一性分析

杓兰属植物具有很高的观赏和药用价值,但因被过度采集,已成为濒危植物。菌根真菌是杓兰栽培与繁育是否成功的关键因子。本实验采用rDNA ITS序列扩增技术和MEGA软件对滇西北的云南杓兰和紫点杓兰的菌根真菌进行研究,结果表明：云南杓兰和紫点杓兰的菌根真菌存在显著的物种层面的专一性关系,即菌根真菌与杓兰属植物有较强的共生趋势。分离得到的菌根真菌序列已上传至 NCBI,登录号为 lcl51879、 lcl25153、lcl48033、 lcl38377、 lcl14203、 lcl24557、 lcl52287以及lcl46937。     

外源激素对杂交兰组培快繁的效应

[目的]探讨杂交兰（Cymbidium hybridum×faberi）组培快繁技术,为杂交兰的工厂化生产提供技术支撑.[方法]以杂交兰茎尖和腋芽为外植体,调查不同激素与活性炭（AC）组合对原球茎诱导、增殖分化和生根培养的影响.[结果]6-BA是影响原球茎诱导的主要因素,IBA是影响原球茎增殖和分化的主要因素.原球茎诱导和增殖最适培养基为MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋IBA 0.5 mg/L＋AC 3.0 g/L＋3％蔗糖;MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L＋IBA 0.5 mg/L＋AC 3.0 g/L＋3％蔗糖最适于原球茎分化成苗;壮苗生根培养基为1/2MS＋ IBA 0.5 mg/L＋AC 1.0 g/L＋3％蔗糖＋0.5％琼脂.[结论]在MS基本培养基中,低量的6-BA、IBA对杂交兰原球茎诱导、增殖与分化、生根和移栽成活均有明显促进效应,原球茎不同生长阶段对AC的需求量不同.     

蕙兰Flowering locus T基因的克隆及其对开花的影响

【目的】 探讨CfFT基因在蕙兰成花中的作用。【方法】采用RT-PCR结合RACE技术从蕙兰(Cymbidium faberi)中克隆Flowering locus T（FT）同源基因CfFT。采用实时定量RT-PCR对不同组织及不同花发育时期CfFT进行表达分析。将该基因克隆到PBI121载体上导入烟草中,并对不同转基因烟草株系中的CfFT、NFL、NtFUL和NAP1基因进行实时定量RT-PCR分析。【结果】对蕙兰花芽分化不同时期的CfFT的表达分析表明,CfFT在花芽分化初期的表达量最高,之后随着花芽的成熟表达量逐渐降低。将CfFT导入烟草进行异源表达,转基因株系表现出明显的早花表型。对开花时间不一的转基因株系中的CfFT表达分析表明,其表达量与转基因烟草开花时间早晚成正比。进一步对这些株系内源的NFL、NAP1和NtFUL表达分析表明,NFL、NAP1和NtFUL基因的表达量与CfFT表达成正比,说明NFL、NAP1和NtFUL的表达受FT基因的上游调控。【结论】在烟草中异源表达蕙兰中的CfFT基因能促进烟草提前开花。     

蕙兰ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立和优化（英文）

[目的]以蕙兰（Cymbidium faberi Rolfe）基因组DNA为模板,对影响ISSR-PCR扩增结果的因素进行筛选和优化,建立适合蕙兰的ISSR-PCR的最佳反应体系。[方法]利用改良的CTAB法提取蕙兰基因组DNA,并对影响ISSR-PCR扩增结果的因素进行优化。[结果]获得了高质量的蕙兰基因组DNA并建立了最适的蕙兰ISSR-PCR体系（25μl）,即2.5μl10×PCRbuffer,2.0mmol/LMgCl2,60ng模板DNA,160μmol/LdNTPs,1.25UTaqDNA聚合酶,0.4μmol/L引物,双蒸水15.85μl;最佳扩增程序为：94℃预变性5min;94℃变性30s,复性温度比引物的Tm值低2～3℃,30s,72℃延伸50s,40个循环;72℃延伸7min。[结论]该优化体系的建立可为今后利用ISSR标记技术进行蕙兰遗传多样性研究提供依据。     

On the mechanism of action and selectivity of the corn herbicide topramezone: a new inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase

Topramezone is a new, highly selective herbicide of pyrazole structure for the post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in corn. The biokinetic properties and mode of action of topramezone were investigated in plants of Setaria faberi Herrm, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Solanum nigrum L. and the crop species corn (Zea mays L.). Within 2-5 days after treatment, topramezone caused strong photobleaching effects on the shoot, followed by plant death of sensitive weeds. The selectivity of topramezone between corn and the weed species has been quantified as above 1000-fold. By virtue of the plant symptoms and the reversal of the effects in Lemna paucicostata L. by adding homogentisate, it was hypothesized that topramezone blocks the formation of homogentisate, possibly through inhibition of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD). Indeed, topramezone strongly inhibited 4-HPPD activity in vitro, with I(50) values of 15 and 23 nM for the enzyme isolated from S. faberi and recombinant enzyme of Arabidopsis thaliana L. respectively. The enzyme activity from corn was approximately 10 times less sensitive. After root and foliar application of [(14)C]topramezone, equivalent to field rates of 75 g ha(-1), the herbicide was rapidly absorbed and systemically translocated in the plant. Only marginal differences between leaf uptake and translocation of topramezone by the weeds and corn were found. Metabolism of foliar-applied [(14)C]topramezone was far more rapid in corn than in the weeds. A more rapid metabolism combined with a lower sensitivity of the 4-HPPD target enzyme contributes to the tolerance of corn to topramezone.